Indian Polity

Uttar Pradesh elects 31 Rajya Sabha members, the highest among states. It also has 80 Lok Sabha seats.

Article 368 provides Parliament’s constitutional amendment power and procedure. Some federal provisions also require ratification by at least half of the states.

The 61st Constitutional Amendment Act, 1988 reduced the voting age from 21 to 18 years by amending Article 326.

The Welfare State ideal is primarily reflected in the Directive Principles of State Policy, Part IV. They guide the State toward social and economic justice.

Fundamental Duties are in Article 51A, Part IVA. They were inserted by the 42nd Amendment, 1976; an 11th duty was added by the 86th Amendment.

The Vice-President is eligible for re-election, so statement A is incorrect. Article 66 deals with election and Article 67 with term of office.

Article 14 guarantees equality before law and equal protection, while Article 15 prohibits specified discrimination including on grounds of sex. Both are in Part III.

Pinaki Chandra Ghosh was appointed India's first Lokpal in 2019. The Lokpal is established under the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013.

Leila Seth was the first woman judge of the Delhi High Court and became the first woman Chief Justice of a state High Court on 5 August 1991.

25 January is National Voters' Day. It was first observed in 2011, marking the Election Commission's foundation day of 25 January 1950.

Dr Rajendra Prasad is known as Deshratna and was India's first President from 1950–1962.

LBSNAA is located at Mussoorie, Uttarakhand and was established in 1959.

Article 316 provides for appointment of the Chairman and members of a State Public Service Commission by the Governor.

Dr B. R. Ambedkar was born on 14 April 1891; Ambedkar Jayanti is observed annually on 14 April.

Nelson Mandela received the Bharat Ratna in 1990.

Finance Commission recommends tax devolution between Union and States under Article 280.

Article 323 requires UPSC to submit its annual report to the President, who lays it before Parliament.

Balwant Rai Mehta is called the architect of Panchayati Raj; his committee recommended a three-tier system in 1957.

Article 324 vests control of elections, including the Presidential election, in the Election Commission of India.

Article 15 prohibits discrimination against citizens on specified grounds. It is part of Fundamental Rights in Part III.