Indian Polity

The Provincial Constitution Committee of the Constituent Assembly was chaired by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.

Among the listed constitutional provisions, Fundamental Rights are enforceable by courts; they are contained in Part III under Articles 12–35.

The 61st Constitutional Amendment Act, 1988 reduced the voting age from 21 to 18 years; the change operates through Article 326.

The anti-defection provisions are in the 10th Schedule, inserted by the 52nd Amendment Act, 1985.

The modern written constitutional tradition is strongly associated with Britain; the British constitutional system developed through statutes, conventions and judicial precedents rather than a single codified document.

Constitutional amendment procedure is primarily laid down in Article 368; different amendment types have different parliamentary and, in some cases, state-ratification requirements.

V. Narahari Rao was the first Comptroller and Auditor General of India; the CAG is a constitutional authority under Article 148.

A vacancy in the office of President must be filled by an election within 6 months; this requirement is specified in Article 62(2).

Article 78 specifies the duties of the Prime Minister toward the President, including communication of Council of Ministers’ decisions and legislative proposals.

The First Constitutional Amendment Act was enacted in 1951, adding restrictions to certain freedoms and introducing the Ninth Schedule.

The MTCR has its secretariat in Paris, France; the regime was established in 1987 to limit proliferation of missile-delivery technology.

Under Article 53, the executive power of the Union is vested in the President; ambassadors are appointed by the President on the government’s advice.

The right to vote is a constitutional right, not a Fundamental Right; adult suffrage is provided under Article 326.

Discrimination on grounds including religion is prohibited by Article 15; the provision covers discrimination by the State on specified grounds.

The National Disaster Management Authority is headed by the Prime Minister of India under the Disaster Management Act, 2005.

Article 32 is called the “heart and soul” of the Constitution by B.R. Ambedkar because it provides the right to constitutional remedies.

The Article 19 guarantees several freedoms, including speech and expression, peaceful assembly, movement, residence and profession, subject to constitutional restrictions.

The Srikrishna Committee examined the question of a separate Telangana state and submitted its report in 2010.

The anti-defection law is contained in the 10th Schedule, introduced by the 52nd Amendment Act, 1985.

National Panchayati Raj Day is observed on 24 April, commemorating the constitutional recognition of Panchayati Raj through the 73rd Amendment Act, 1992.