General Science

Vitamins were discovered as a group of essential dietary factors through the work of Casimir Funk, who coined the term “vitamine” in 1912.

The Sun is composed predominantly of hydrogen, roughly three-quarters of its mass, with helium as the second most abundant element.

Blood is red mainly because red blood cells contain haemoglobin, an iron-containing protein that binds oxygen and gives blood its characteristic colour.

Gambusia fish helps control mosquitoes by feeding on mosquito larvae. It is therefore used as a biological control agent in some water bodies.

Mars is called the Red Planet because iron minerals on its surface oxidise, producing a reddish appearance.

The Constitution does not expressly provide a general power of “martial law” by the President. The source key identifies the President; martial-law powers are discussed in relation to Article 34.

The asteroid belt lies between Mars and Jupiter. It contains millions of rocky bodies and separates the inner terrestrial planets from the outer planets.

A normal human male has XY sex chromosomes, while a normal female has XX. The Y chromosome carries the SRY gene involved in male sex determination.

Japanese encephalitis is a viral disease caused by Japanese encephalitis virus and transmitted mainly by Culex mosquitoes.

A basketball team has 5 players on the court at one time. Substitutes remain outside and can enter according to the rules.

The femur, or thigh bone, is the longest and strongest bone in the human body. It extends from the hip to the knee.

A hygrometer measures atmospheric humidity. An anemometer measures wind speed, while a thermometer measures temperature.

Tomato contains oxalic acid among its organic acids. Oxalic acid is also found in several leafy vegetables and other plant foods.

Mumps is caused by a virus, specifically the mumps virus, and primarily affects the salivary glands.

Regur soil is another name for black soil. It is rich in clay and particularly suitable for cotton cultivation.

The greenhouse effect was first quantitatively described by Joseph Fourier in the 19th century. Greenhouse gases absorb and re-radiate outgoing infrared radiation.

The source key identifies the Andaman and Nicobar tribal population with the Negroid race; this is an outdated racial classification. Modern anthropology uses distinct indigenous community and population classifications instead.

Diamond is the hardest naturally occurring mineral, with Mohs hardness 10. It is a crystalline form of carbon.

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) is commonly called laughing gas. It is also a greenhouse gas and has medical applications as an anaesthetic/analgesic.

The pancreas is an endocrine gland that produces hormones such as insulin and glucagon. It also has an exocrine role in digestion.