Indian History

Q1. India is named as ‘Aryavarta’, due to inhabitant of which of the following?

(A) Bharat

(B) Dravida

(C) Aryan

(D) Dushyant

Answer: (C)

Exp: Aryavarta means “land of the Aryas” and is a historical term used in ancient Indian texts for parts of northern India. Its geographical extent varied by text and period; it was not the ancient name for the whole modern Indian Republic.

Q2. The last emperor of Nanda Dynasty was:

(A) Mahapadma Nanda

(B) Dhana Nanda

(C) Kalashoka

(D) None of the above

Answer: (B)

Exp: Dhana Nanda was the last Nanda ruler. The Nanda dynasty was overthrown by Chandragupta Maurya around 322–321 BCE, marking the rise of the Mauryan Empire. Mahapadma Nanda is generally regarded as the founder of the Nanda dynasty.

Q3. Kalsi is famous for:

(A) Buddhist Chaityas

(B) Persian coins

(C) Rock Edicts of Ashoka

(D) Temples of Gupta period

Answer: (C)

Exp: Kalsi in present-day Uttarakhand is famous for the Major Rock Edicts of Ashoka, generally dated to the 3rd century BCE. The inscription is in Prakrit language written in Brahmi script; the source PDF’s reference to Pali is not the standard description.

Q4. Who amongst the following sultans built the fifth storey of Qutub Minar?

(A) Qutbuddin Aibak

(B) Iltutmish

(C) Firuz Shah Tughlaq

(D) Sikander Lodi

Answer: (C)

Exp: Qutbuddin Aibak began the Qutub Minar around 1199–1200 CE, and Iltutmish substantially extended it. Firuz Shah Tughlaq repaired the upper portion and is traditionally credited in exam references with the fifth-storey work after damage. The monument is in Delhi and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Q5. Who is popularly known as ‘Sher-e-Punjab’?

(A) Rajguru

(B) Bhagat Singh

(C) Lala Lajpat Rai

(D) Udham Singh

Answer: (C)

Exp: Lala Lajpat Rai (1865–1928) was popularly known as Punjab Kesari or Sher-e-Punjab. He was a major nationalist leader and died in 1928 after injuries sustained during a protest against the Simon Commission.

Q6. Which of the following Act introduced separate electorate for Muslims?

(A) Act of 1892

(B) Act of 1909

(C) Reforms of 1919

(D) Government of India Act, 1935

Answer: (B)

Exp: Indian Councils Act, 1909, known as the Morley–Minto Reforms, introduced separate electorates for Muslims. Under this system, Muslim voters elected Muslim representatives. The reform is an important milestone in the development of communal representation under British rule.

Q7. The first Anglo-Burmese war was fought in the year:

(A) 1824

(B) 1825

(C) 1826

(D) 1828

Answer: (A)

Exp: The First Anglo-Burmese War began in 1824 and ended with the Treaty of Yandabo on 24 February 1826. The war was important for British expansion into the northeast and led to major territorial changes involving Assam and neighbouring regions.

Q8. The first ancient civilization to develop the art of writing in a proper system was:

(A) Indus

(B) Egypt

(C) Sumerian

(D) China

Answer: (C)

Exp: The Sumerians of southern Mesopotamia developed cuneiform, one of the earliest known writing systems. Cuneiform emerged by about the late 4th millennium BCE.

Q9. Who was the first South Indian ruler to defeat British Armies?

(A) Tipu Sultan

(B) Haider Ali

(C) Nizam of Hyderabad

(D) None of the above

Answer: (B)

Exp: Haider Ali of Mysore successfully fought the British in the First Anglo-Mysore War and compelled them to conclude the Treaty of Madras. The war ended in 1769.

Q10. In which Vedic text is the term ‘Varna’ found referred to for the first time?

(A) Rigveda

(B) Atharvaveda

(C) Samaveda

(D) Yajurveda

Answer: (A)

Exp: The Purusha Sukta of the Rigveda describes the fourfold social order—Brahmana, Rajanya/Kshatriya, Vaishya and Shudra. Rigveda, Mandala 10, Sukta 90 is the Purusha Sukta.

Q11. The first metal used by man was:

(A) Gold

(B) Silver

(C) Copper

(D) Iron

Answer: (C)

Exp: Copper is conventionally regarded as the first metal widely used by humans; early copper use predates the Bronze Age. The Copper Age is also called the Chalcolithic period.

Q12. The second battle of Tarain was fought between?

(A) Alexander and Porous

(B) Jaichand and Muhammad Ghori

(C) Akbar and Hemu

(D) Muhammad Ghori and Prithviraj Chauhan

Answer: (D)

Exp: Muhammad Ghori’s Ghurid forces defeated Prithviraj Chauhan’s Chahamana forces in the Second Battle of Tarain. The battle was fought in 1192 CE.

Q13. Which plan became the platform of Indian Independence?

(A) Cripps Plan

(B) Wavell Plan

(C) Mountbatten Plan

(D) None of these

Answer: (C)

Exp: The Mountbatten Plan provided the framework for the partition of British India and transfer of power. The plan was announced on 3 June 1947.

Q14. Boycott of British goods was adopted as a National Policy in:

(A) 1899

(B) 1901

(C) 1903

(D) 1905

Answer: (D)

Exp: The Swadeshi Movement promoted boycott of foreign goods as a central political and economic weapon. The Calcutta boycott resolution was passed on 7 August 1905 following the decision to partition Bengal.

Q15. In 1906, who was the first Indian to use the word ‘Swaraj’?

(A) Motilal Nehru

(B) BG Tilak

(C) Mahatma Gandhi

(D) Dadabhai Naoroji

Answer: (D)

Exp: Dadabhai Naoroji used ‘Swaraj’ as the political goal in his presidential address at the Calcutta session of the Indian National Congress. The Calcutta Congress session was held in 1906.

Q16. Ibn Batuta came to India during which ruler's reign?

(A) Akbar

(B) Sher Shah

(C) Muhammad Bin Tughlaq

(D) Alauddin Khilji

Answer: (C)

Exp: Ibn Battuta visited India during the reign of Muhammad bin Tughlaq, who ruled from 1325–1351 CE. He reached India around 1333 CE and served as a judge at Delhi.

Q17. Who had designed the first Indian National Flag?

(A) Vicoji Rustam Kama

(B) Annie Besant

(C) Sarojini Naidu

(D) Sister Nivedita

Answer: (D)

Exp: Sister Nivedita designed a prototype of an Indian national flag in 1904 with the Vajra motif. The present tricolour evolved later and is associated with Pingali Venkayya.

Q18. Which British official was elevated to Governor-General after the Regulating Act of 1773?

(A) Warren Hastings

(B) Lord North

(C) Mountstuart Elphinstone

(D) Philip Francis

Answer: (A)

Exp: The Regulating Act, 1773 made Warren Hastings the first Governor-General of Bengal. It was a major step in parliamentary control over East India Company administration.

Q19. Who authored Poverty and Un-British Rule in India?

(A) Rabindranath Tagore

(B) Dadabhai Naoroji

(C) Mahatma Gandhi

(D) Jawaharlal Nehru

Answer: (B)

Exp: Dadabhai Naoroji authored Poverty and Un-British Rule in India, published in 1901. It developed his Drain of Wealth theory.

Q20. The location of ancient Taxila was identified by:

(A) Alexander Cunningham

(B) R. D. Banerji

(C) John Marshall

(D) Daya Ram Sahni

Answer: (A)

Exp: Alexander Cunningham identified the ancient site of Taxila during archaeological investigations in the 1860s–1870s. Taxila was an important ancient centre of learning and commerce.

Q21. Which king was praised in glowing terms in the Prayaga Prashasti?

(A) Ashoka

(B) Harshavardhana

(C) Samudragupta

(D) Bindusara

Answer: (C)

Exp: The Prayaga Prashasti praises Gupta emperor Samudragupta. It was composed by court poet Harishena and is a key source for 4th-century CE Gupta history.

Q22. Who authored Akbarnama?

(A) Abul Fazl

(B) Abdus Samad

(C) Faizi

(D) Abdul Latif

Answer: (A)

Exp: Abul Fazl authored the Akbarnama, the official chronicle of Akbar’s reign. Its third volume is the Ain-i-Akbari, dealing with administration and institutions.

Q23. Where and when did Gandhi make his first major public appearance in India after returning from South Africa?

(A) Champaran in 1917

(B) Lucknow in 1916

(C) Banaras Hindu University in 1916

(D) Ahmedabad in 1918

Answer: (C)

Exp: Gandhi addressed a major public gathering at Banaras Hindu University on 4 February 1916. His Champaran Satyagraha followed in 1917.

Q24. Who was the author of the Allahabad Pillar Inscription?

(A) Rudradaman

(B) Harishena

(C) Samudragupta

(D) Banabhatta

Answer: (B)

Exp: Harishena, court poet of Samudragupta, composed the Prayaga Prashasti on the Ashokan pillar at Prayagraj. It is a major source for Samudragupta’s reign.

Q25. Who was the Mughal emperor during the Revolt of 1857?

(A) Aurangzeb

(B) Mir Qasim

(C) Bahadur Shah II

(D) Sarfaraz Khan

Answer: (C)

Exp: Bahadur Shah II, or Bahadur Shah Zafar, was the Mughal emperor during the 1857 Revolt. He was the last Mughal emperor and was exiled to Rangoon after the revolt.

Q26. Who among the following never presided over a session of the Indian National Congress?

(A) Lala Lajpat Rai

(B) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

(C) Gopal Krishna Gokhale

(D) Subhash Chandra Bose

Answer: (B)

Exp: Bal Gangadhar Tilak never served as Congress president. Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee was the first president at the 1885 Bombay session.

Q27. Who introduced a bill in 1911 for compulsory and free primary education?

(A) Dadabhai Naoroji

(B) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

(C) Sir Harcourt Butler

(D) Gopal Krishna Gokhale

Answer: (D)

Exp: Gopal Krishna Gokhale introduced a bill in the Imperial Legislative Council in 1911 seeking compulsory primary education.

Q28. Who authored ‘Hind Swaraj’?

(A) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

(B) Mahatma Gandhi

(C) Gopal Krishna Gokhale

(D) M. G. Ranade

Answer: (B)

Exp: Mahatma Gandhi wrote Hind Swaraj in 1909; the English translation appeared in 1910.

Q29. By which Charter Act was the first Law Commission established?

(A) Charter Act of 1793

(B) Charter Act of 1813

(C) Charter Act of 1833

(D) Charter Act of 1853

Answer: (C)

Exp: The Charter Act of 1833 provided for the first Law Commission, with Lord Macaulay as chairman.

Q30. From where the evidence of rock-cut architecture were found, with reference to Harappa civilisation?

(A) Kalibangan

(B) Dholavira

(C) Kot Diji

(D) Amri

Answer: (B)

Exp: Dholavira in Gujarat provides evidence of sophisticated Harappan stone architecture. The site flourished during the 3rd–2nd millennium BCE and was a major Harappan urban centre.

Q31. The word ‘Gotra’ occurs for the first time in:

(A) Rigveda

(B) Samaveda

(C) Yajurveda

(D) Atharvaveda

Answer: (A)

Exp: The term Gotra occurs in the Rigveda, the earliest Vedic text, generally dated to about 1500–1200 BCE.

Q32. The list of sixteen Mahajanapadas is available in:

(A) Mahabharat

(B) Anguttar Nikaya

(C) Chhandogya Upanishad

(D) Samyukta Nikaya

Answer: (B)

Exp: The list of sixteen Mahajanapadas is given in the Anguttara Nikaya, a Buddhist text of the Sutta Pitaka. These states flourished mainly during the 6th century BCE.

Q33. Who among the following sultans of Delhi assumed the title Sikandar-i-Sani?

(A) Muhammad bin Tughluq

(B) Sikandar Lodi

(C) Alauddin Khilji

(D) Balban

Answer: (C)

Exp: Alauddin Khilji adopted the title Sikandar-i-Sani, meaning Second Alexander. He ruled the Delhi Sultanate from 1296–1316 CE.

Q34. The Battle of Haldighati was fought in:

(A) 1765 AD

(B) 1576 AD

(C) 1756 AD

(D) 1576 BC

Answer: (B)

Exp: The Battle of Haldighati was fought on 18 June 1576 between Maharana Pratap of Mewar and Mughal forces led by Man Singh I.

Q35. Which of the following upheavals took place in Bengal immediately after the revolt of 1857?

(A) Sanyasi rebellion

(B) Santhal rebellion

(C) Indigo disturbances

(D) Pabna disturbances

Answer: (C)

Exp: The Indigo disturbances erupted in Bengal in 1859–60, when cultivators resisted coercive indigo cultivation by European planters.

Q36. Which Act of British Parliament abolished the East India Company monopoly over trade in India?

(A) Regulating Act, 1773

(B) Pitt’s India Act, 1784

(C) Charter Act of 1813

(D) None of the above

Answer: (C)

Exp: The Charter Act of 1813 ended the East India Company’s trade monopoly in India, except its monopoly over tea and trade with China.

Q37. Epigraphy is:

(A) The study of inscriptions.

(B) A graphical map.

(C) The detection of epics.

(D) The study of epics.

Answer: (A)

Exp: Epigraphy is the study of inscriptions engraved or cast on durable materials such as stone and metal.

Q38. Who started the Shaka era and when?

(A) Kadphises in 58 BC

(B) Vikramaditya in 58 BC

(C) Rudradaman I in AD 78

(D) Kanishka in AD 78

Answer: (D)

Exp: The traditional answer is Kanishka, associated with the beginning of the Saka Era in 78 CE. The Saka era is used in India’s official national calendar.

Q39. ‘The Last Sun of Indian Glory’ has been used for:

(A) Shivaji

(B) Prithviraj

(C) Rana Pratap

(D) Hemu

Answer: (D)

Exp: Hemu (Hemchandra Vikramaditya) is referred to in some historical writings as the “Last Sun of Indian Glory”. He was defeated at the Second Battle of Panipat in 1556.

Q40. Who among the following introduced the Permanent Settlement of Bengal in 1793?

(A) Lord Cornwallis

(B) Lord Ripon

(C) Robert Clive

(D) John Adam

Answer: (A)

Exp: The Permanent Settlement was introduced in Bengal by Lord Cornwallis in 1793. It fixed the land revenue demand permanently for the government.

Q41. The first definite step to provide parliamentary control over East India Company was taken by:

(A) The Regulating Act, 1773

(B) The Pitt’s India Act, 1784

(C) The Charter Act, 1793

(D) The Charter Act, 1813

Answer: (A)

Exp: The Regulating Act of 1773 was the first major intervention by the British Parliament to control the East India Company’s administration. It created the office of Governor-General of Bengal and a Supreme Court at Calcutta.

Q42. Who deciphered the Brahmi and Kharosthi scripts?

(A) Piyadassi

(B) Colin Mackenzie

(C) Alexander Conningham

(D) James Prinsep

Answer: (D)

Exp: James Prinsep deciphered the Brahmi and Kharoshthi scripts. Brahmi Script- It is the oldest writing styles in ancient India

Q43. The Gupta Emperor who defeated the ‘Hunas’ was:

(A) Samudragupta

(B) Chandragupta-II

(C) Skandagupta

(D) Ramagupta

Answer: (C)

Exp: Skandagupta was the first Gupta king to face the Hunas. He gave the Hunas a crushing defeat. His Bhitari pillar inscription suggests that he restored the Gupta power by defeating his enemies, who may have been rebels or foreign invaders

Q44. Kabuliyat and Patta as instruments of settlement were introduced by:

(A) Sher Shah

(B) Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah

(C) Bahlul Khan Lodi

(D) Humayun

Answer: (A)

Exp: Sher Shah Suri measured and classified the land in terms of the produce and introduced Kabuliyat and Patta as instruments of settlement. [62]

Q45. Who among the following founded the Ahmedabad Textile Labour Association?

(A) Mahatma Gandhi

(B) JB Kripalani

(C) NM Joshi

(D) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

Answer: (A)

Exp: In the year 1918, Mahatma Gandhi along with Anasuya Sarabhai and Shankerlal Banker founded the Ahmadabad textile labour association

Q46. Who among the followng was a prominent leader of the Congress Socialist Party?

(A) MN Roy

(B) Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi

(C) Acharya Narendra Dev

(D) Pattom Thanu Pillai

Answer: (C)

Exp: Acharya Narendra Dev was the President of the Congress Socialist Party (CSP), which was the Socialist wing of the Congress

Q47. The Act that transferred the power from the British East India Company to the British Crown in India was:

(A) Government of India Act, 1833

(B) Government of India Act, 1947

(C) Government of India Act, 1858

(D) Government of India Act, 1835

Answer: (C)

Exp: The British Parliament passed the Government of India Act 1858 and transferred all powers of the Company to the British Crown The Act followed the Revolt of 1857 and came into force in 1858.

Q48. The rulers of which of the following dynasty have been called as ‘Shriparvatiya’ in Puranas?

(A) Vakatakas

(B) Ikshvakus

(C) Shakas

(D) Kharavelas

Answer: (B)

Exp: The rulers of Ikshvaku dynasty have been called as 'Shriparvatiya' in Puranas The Ikshvaku rulers are associated with the lower Krishna valley and Nagarjunakonda region.

Q49. Which dynasty ruled over India after Shunga dynasty?

(A) Satvahana

(B) Kushana

(C) Kanva

(D) Gupta

Answer: (C)

Exp: Kanva dynasty, also called Kanvayanas, the successors of the Shungas in the North Indian kingdom of Magadha The Kanva dynasty succeeded the Shungas in Magadha, approximately in the 1st century BCE.

Q50. In whose reign was the ‘Treaty of Chittor’ signed between Mughal and the Rana of Mewar?

(A) Akbar

(B) Jahangir

(C) Shah Jahan

(D) Aurangzeb

Answer: (B)

Exp: In the reign of Mughal Emperor Jahangir the treaty of Chittor was signed. This treaty was concluded between Rana Amar Singh and Jahangir by which Rana accepted sovereignty of Mughal Empire over Chittor The settlement with Mewar was concluded in 1615 during Jahangir's reign.

Q51. Who succeded Aurangzeb after his death in 1707 AD?

(A) Bahadur Shah I

(B) Jahandar Shah

(C) Muhammad Shah

(D) Akbar-II

Answer: (A)

Exp: Bahadur Shah I was the seventh Emperor of Mughal in India, ruled from 1707 to 1712 until his death Bahadur Shah I ruled from 1707 to 1712.

Q52. Who among the following started the newspaper ‘Som Prakash’?

(A) Dayananda Saraswati

(B) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar

(C) Raja Ram Mohan Roy

(D) Surendranath Banerjee

Answer: (B)

Exp: [68] Shom Prakash newspaper was started by Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar in 1859 under the editorship of Dwarakanath Vidyabhushan Som Prakash began publication in 1859.

Q53. In which of the following movements Vande Mataram was adopted slogan for agitation?

(A) Revolt of 1857

(B) Partition of Bengal in 1905

(C) Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920

(D) Quit India Movement in 1942

Answer: (B)

Exp: The slogan 'Bande Mataram' was first adopted during the Swadeshi movement which erupted in protest of the partition of Bengal Vande Mataram became a major slogan during the Swadeshi movement following the 1905 partition of Bengal.

Q54. Which emperor of Magadha is known as ‘Second Parshuram’?

(A) Bindusar

(B) Ajatashatru

(C) Kalashoka

(D) Mahapadma Nanda

Answer: (D)

Exp: was titled as the "second Parshuram". Mahapadma Nanda was the first Emperor of the Nanda Empire Mahapadma Nanda founded the Nanda imperial tradition in Magadha and is traditionally associated with extensive conquest

Q55. The doctrine of three jewels; right belief, right conduct and right knowledge, is the crownings glory of:

(A) Buddhism

(B) Christianity

(C) Jainism

(D) None of these

Answer: (C)

Exp: [73] Jainism calls these three principles Samyak Darshana, Samyak Jnana and Samyak Charitra

Q56. Muhammad Ghori suffered his first defeat at the hands of which ruler?

(A) Bhima II

(B) Prithviraj Chauhan

(C) Jaichand

(D) Prithviraj II

Answer: (A)

Exp: Mohammed Ghori was defeated by Raja Bhimdev II in the battle of Kayadara near Mt. Abu The Battle of Kayadara is generally dated to 1178 CE, near Mount Abu in present-day Rajasthan

Q57. Which Mughal Emperor wrote his own autobiography?

(A) Babur

(B) Akbar

(C) Shah Jahan

(D) Aurangzeb

Answer: (A)

Exp: , the founder of the Mughal Empire wrote his autobiography which was titled Tuzuk-i-Babari Babur wrote the Baburnama (Tuzuk-i-Baburi), originally in Chagatai Turkish

Q58. Who was the then Governor-General of British India, when ‘Sati Pratha’ became illegal and punishable?

(A) Lord William Bentinck

(B) Warren Hastings

(C) Lord Wellesley

(D) Lord Cornwallis

Answer: (A)

Exp: The Bengal Sati Regulation which banned the Sati practice in all jurisdictions of British India was passed on December 4, 1829 by the then Governor-General Lord William Bentinck The Bengal Sati Regulation, 1829 made the practice punishable in the territories under the Bengal Presidency

Q59. The first political organisation established in India in 1838 was known as:

(A) British India Society

(B) Bengal British India Society

(C) Settlers Association

(D) Zamindari Association

Answer: (D)

Exp: , The reckoned to be the first political association of modern India. Formally launched in Calcutta in March 1838, it was renamed the Landholders' Society shortly afterwards The Zamindari Association was founded in 1838 and was later known as the Landholders’ Society

Q60. Which one of the following scripts of ancient India was written from right to left?

(A) Brahmi

(B) Nandnagari

(C) Sharada

(D) Kharosthi

Answer: (D)

Exp: Kharoshti is the scripts of ancient India which was written from right to left Kharosthi was used mainly in the north-western Indian subcontinent and was written right-to-left

Q61. Which medieval sultan has the credit of founding the city of Agra and making it the capital of the Sultanate?

(A) Iltutmish

(B) Muhammad bin Tughluq

(C) Firuz Shah Tughlaq

(D) Sikandar Lodi

Answer: (D)

Exp: Sultan Sikandar Lodi, the Muslim ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, founded Agra in the year 1504 Sikandar Lodi shifted the capital from Delhi to Agra and founded Agra in 1504

Q62. After the downfall of the Delhi Sultanate, who was the first ruler to issue the gold coin?

(A) Akbar

(B) Humayun

(C) Shah Jahan

(D) Sher Shah

Answer: (B)

Exp: was the first ruler to issue a gold coin after the downfall of the Delhi Sultanate. Sher Shah introduced a silver coin called Rupiya. [79] Humayun’s coinage included gold, silver and copper issues; Sher Shah is especially associated with the silver rupiya

Q63. Who among the following is the author of the book The Indian Struggle, 1920-34?

(A) Maulana Abul Kalam

(B) Jayprakash Narayan

(C) Subhash Chandra Bose

(D) Manabendra Nath Roy

Answer: (C)

Exp: is the author of the book 'The Indian struggle 1920- 1934' Subhas Chandra Bose’s The Indian Struggle covers the nationalist movement from 1920 to 1934

Q64. The first first talkie movie (sound film) to be produced in India was:

(A) Haatimtai

(B) Alam Ara

(C) Pundalik

(D) Raja Harishchandra

Answer: (B)

Exp: is the first talkie movie (sound film) made in India. It was directed by Ardeshir Irani. Alam Ara was released on 14 March 1931 Alam Ara was directed by Ardeshir Irani and released on 14 March 1931

Q65. To whom the rebel soldiers from Meerut declared the ‘Emperor of India’, after sieging Delhi, on 12th May, 1857?

(A) Shah Alam II

(B) Bahadurshah ‘Zafar’

(C) Bakht Khan

(D) Akbar II

Answer: (B)

Exp: The rebel soldiers in 1857 declared Bahadur Shah zafar as emperor of India Bahadur Shah II, popularly Bahadur Shah Zafar, became the symbolic leader of the 1857 revolt in Delhi

Q66. Which among the following was the first dynasty of Vijayanagara?

(A) Hoysala dynasty

(B) Sangama dynasty

(C) Suluva dynasty

(D) Tuluva dynasty

Answer: (B)

Exp: The first dynasty of the empire of Vijaynagar is known as Sangama because it was named after Sangama, the father of Harihara and Bukka The Sangama dynasty was founded by Harihara I and Bukka I and was the first ruling house of Vijayanagara

Q67. In which year, did Babur defeat Sultan Ibrahim Lodi at the Battle of Panipat?

(A) 1527 CE

(B) 1526 CE

(C) 1525 CE

(D) 1524 CE

Answer: (B)

Exp: In 1526, Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi at Panipat and captured Delhi and Agra. This is called The first battle of Panipat The First Battle of Panipat on 21 April 1526 established Babur’s position in North India

Q68. Who among the following was the first to translate Kalidasa’ famous work ‘Shakuntala’ into English?

(A) Charles Wilkins

(B) Henry Colebrooke

(C) Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe

(D) Sir William Jones

Answer: (D)

Exp: In the year 1789, Sir William Jones translated Kalidasa’s Shakuntala. It was considered as the first Indian drama to be translated into a Western language Sir William Jones published his English translation of Shakuntala in 1789

Q69. Who among the following Governor- Generals created the covenanted Civil Service of India which later came to be known as the Indian Civil Service?

(A) Warren Hastings

(B) Wellesley

(C) Cornwallis

(D) William Bentinck

Answer: (C)

Exp: Lord Cornwallis (1786-93) was the first to bring into existence and organize the civil services Cornwallis reorganised the civil services and is closely associated with the Permanent Settlement of 1793

Q70. The teacher who taught ‘Veda Vedanga’ for livelihood was called:

(A) Acharya

(B) Adhvaryu

(C) Upadhyaya

(D) Purohita

Answer: (C)

Exp: Acharya was a type of teacher who taught his pupil Vedas without charging fee from the pupils. Upadhyaya was the one who adopted teaching as a profession to earn his livelihood and taught only a portion of the Veda or Vedangas.

Q71. Who among the following had presented the famous ‘Kohinoor’ diamond to Shah Jahan?

(A) Aurangzeb

(B) Murad

(C) Abdul Hasan Qutubshah

(D) Mir Jumla

Answer: (D)

Exp: The world famous Kohinoor diamond was presented to Shah Jahan by his friend Mir Jumla. Nadir Shah took away the famous Koh-i-Noor diamond and the jewel-studded Peacock Throne of Shahjahan from India.

Q72. Which of the following was the most decisive battle which resulted in establishing the British rule in India?

(A) Battle of Plassey

(B) Battle of Buxar

(C) Battle of Wandiwash

(D) Third Battle of Panipat

Answer: (B)

Exp: The Battle of Plassey fought in 1757 CE was the first time that the British had fought in India. However, the Battle of Buxar was the decisive battle fought against the Indian forces.

Q73. The first cotton mill of india was established at:

(A) Bombay

(B) Ahmedabad

(C) Baroda

(D) Calcutta

Answer: (D)

Exp: The first cotton textile mill in India was established at Fort Glastor near Kolkata in 1818.

Q74. In the context of, Indian history, the principle of ‘Dyarchy’ refers to:

(A) division of the Central Legislature into two houses.

(B) introduction of double government, Central and State Government.

(C) having two sets of rulers; one in London and another in Delhi.

(D) division of the subjects delegated to the provinces into two categories.

Answer: (D)

Exp: categories. Dyarchy system of double government introduced by the Government of India Act (1919) for the provinces of British India. The provincial subjects were divided into two categories viz. reserved and transferred.

Q75. Who is popularly known as’Singhapurush’?

(A) Prafulla Chandra Barua

(B) Brajanath Sarma

(C) Gunabhiram Barua

(D) Radha Gobinda Baruah

Answer: (D)

Exp: Radha Gobinda Baruah is popularly known as Singhapurush in Assam and is closely associated with journalism and sports promotion.

Q76. In the Mesopotamian records, which one of the following terms was used for the Indus Valley Civilisation?

(A) Dilmum

(B) Meluha

(C) Magan

(D) Failaka

Answer: (B)

Exp: The Mesopotamian records from about 2350 BC onwards refer to trade relations with Meluha, which was the ancient name given to the Indus region.

Q77. Who came to India during the time of Chandragupta Maurya?

(A) Faxian (Fa-Hien)

(B) Xuanzang (Hiuen Tsang)

(C) Megasthenes

(D) Strabo

Answer: (C)

Exp: Megasthenes visited Pataliputra during the reign of Chandragupta Maurya. Indika is an account of Mauryan India by the Greek writer Megasthenes.

Q78. Building of ‘Purana Qila’ in Delhi was constructed by:

(A) Firuz Shah Tughlaq

(B) Ibrahim Lodi

(C) Sher Shah

(D) Babur

Answer: (C)

Exp: Purana Qila (Old Fort) in Delhi Delhi is one of the oldest forts in India, the Purana Qila was constructed by the Afghan King, Sher Shah Suri.

Q79. ‘Sati’ of Hindu women was prohibited during the reign of which Mughal Emperor?

(A) Jahangir

(B) Shah Jahan

(C) Akbar

(D) Aurangzeb

Answer: (C)

Exp: 'Sati' of Hindu women was prohibited during the reign of Akbar.

Q80. Who was the author of ‘Brihat Samhita’?

(A) Aryabhatta

(B) Varahamihira

(C) Amarasimha

(D) Brahmagupta

Answer: (B)

Exp: Varahamihira wrote the Brihat samhita, an influential encyclopedic text in Sanskrit.

Q81. In which of the following states Sunderbans mangrove is located?

(A) Gujarat

(B) West Bengal

(C) Odisha

(D) Andhra Pradesh

Answer: (B)

Exp: The Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem is located in West Bengal on the Indian side of the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta.

Q82. The birthplace of Maharani Lakshmibai, the heroine of the 1857 freedom struggle is:

(A) Agra

(B) Jhansi

(C) Varanasi

(D) Vrindavan

Answer: (C)

Exp: Varanasi is the birthplace of Rani Lakshmibai, the queen of Jhansi and a major figure of the 1857 uprising.

Q83. National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) was launched in the year:

(A) 2003

(B) 2004

(C) 2005

(D) 2006

Answer: (C)

Exp: The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) was launched on 12th April 2005.

Q84. Who was the first Secretary of 'Oxomiya Bhaxa Unnati Xadhini Xobha'?

(A) Kunjalal Sharma

(B) Jyoti Prasad Agarwala

(C) Sayed Abdul Malik

(D) Shivaram Sharma Bordoloi

Answer: (D)

Exp: Shivaram Sharma Bordoloi was the first secretary of the Oxomiya Bhaxa Unnati Xadhini Xobha, an early organisation for Assamese language development.

Q85. Deepor Beel Bird Sanctuary is located in:

(A) Kamrup Metro

(B) Kamrup Rural

(C) Udalguri

(D) Nagaon

Answer: (A)

Exp: Deepor Beel Bird Sanctuary is in Kamrup Metropolitan district, southwest of Guwahati, and is an important wetland for resident and migratory birds.

Q86. Who was the first Gupta ruler to issue silver coins?

(A) Chandragupta II

(B) Ghatotkacha

(C) Samudragupta

(D) Srigupta

Answer: (A)

Exp: Chandragupta II was the first Gupta ruler to issue silver coins which were called Rupaka.? He was the son of Samudragupta and also known as the Chandragupta Vikramaditya.

Q87. Who among the following later Mughal rulers were defeated by Britishers in Battle of Buxar?

(A) Shah Alam II

(B) Akbar II

(C) Alamgir II

(D) Bahadur Shah Zafar

Answer: (A)

Exp: The Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II granted the Diwani rights to the East India Company after the defeat in the Battle of Buxar (1764).

Q88. Who was the ruler of Golconda when Aurangzeb seized the fort of Golconda in 1687?

(A) Abul Hasan Qutb Shah

(B) Sikandar Adil Shah

(C) Ali Adil Shah II

(D) Shayasta Khan

Answer: (A)

Exp: In January 1687, the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb led his forces to besiege the Qutb Shahi dynasty at Golconda Fort at the time the ruler of Golconda was Abul Hasan Qutb Shah.

Q89. Who wrote Mricchakatika?

(A) Vishakhadatta

(B) Shudraka

(C) Banabhatta

(D) Bhas

Answer: (B)

Exp: M?cchakatika is a Sanskrit drama written by Shudraka.

Q90. When was the first partition of Indian National Congress held?

(A) 1907

(B) 1906

(C) 1969

(D) 1911

Answer: (A)

Exp: The first major split of the Indian National Congress occurred at the 1907 Surat session, associated with the Moderates–Extremists division.

Q91. Whom did Rajendra Prasad consider as the ‘Father of Pakistan’?

(A) Md Jinnah

(B) Lord Mountbatten

(C) Lord Minto

(D) Liaquat Ali Khan

Answer: (C)

Exp: Rajendra Prasad considered Lord Minto as the father of Pakistan.- Lord Minto also came to be renowned as the Father of Communal Electorate.

Q92. Which of the following term describes fish farming?

(A) Sericulture

(B) Pisiculture

(C) Mariculture

(D) Horticulture

Answer: (B)

Exp: Fish farming or pisciculture involves commercial breeding of fish, usually for food, in fish tanks or artificial enclosures such as fish ponds. Aquaculture is also referred to as fish farming.

Q93. The Western most place of India, ‘Guhar Moti’ is situated in which the State/UT of India.

(A) Rajasthan

(B) Jammu and Kashmir

(C) Gujarat

(D) Punjab

Answer: (C)

Exp: Guhar Moti is situated near Narayan Sarovar, in Kutch district in Gujarat.

Q94. Which of the following vested the Secretary of State for India with supreme control over the Government of India?

(A) Pitt’s India Act, 1784

(B) Government of India Act, 1858

(C) Indian Council Act, 1861

(D) Morley-Minto Reforms, 1909

Answer: (B)

Exp: The Government of India Act of 1858 created a new office, Secretary of State for India, vested with complete authority and control over Indian administration.

Q95. Indian Constituent Assembly was established under:

(A) Government of India Act, 1935

(B) Cripps Mission, 1942

(C) Cabinet Mission, 1946

(D) Indian Independence Act, 1947

Answer: (C)

Exp: Under the Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946, elections were held for the first time for the Constituent Assembly.

Q96. Mandal Commission, whose proposals created massive dispute, was set up by:

(A) Indira Gandhi

(B) Morarji Desai

(C) Rajeev Gandhi

(D) Vishwanath Pratap Singh

Answer: (B)

Exp: Mandal Commission was set up in 1979 January by Morarji Desai government.

Q97. Who is known as ‘Father of India’s Missile Technology’?

(A) Dr UR Rao

(B) Dr APJ Abdul Kalam

(C) Dr Chidambaram

(D) Dr Homi Bhabha

Answer: (B)

Exp: Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam, the former President of India, is known as the 'Missile Man of India' for his contribution to developing India's missile projects, Prithvi and Agni missiles.

Q98. Which of the following animal was used as the royal symbol of the ancient kings of Kamarupa?

(A) Tiger

(B) Elephant

(C) Rhino

(D) Cow

Answer: (B)

Exp: The elephant was an important royal symbol in ancient Kamarupa and appears in the region's historical and artistic traditions.

Q99. Who wrote Kitabat Manjari and Lilavati, the two masterpieces in the field of mathematics?

(A) Sridhar

(B) Ram Saraswati

(C) Bakul Kayastha

(D) Purushottam Vidyavagish

Answer: (C)

Exp: Bakul Kayastha was a famous Mathematician from Kamarupa.

Q100. Which of the following sources indicate that the last Mauryan ruler Brihadratha was assassinated by Pushyamitra?

(A) Inscriptions

(B) Gargi Samhita

(C) Puranas

(D) Harshacharita

Answer: (D)

Exp: Harshacharita indicates that the last Mauryan ruler Brihadrath was assassinated by Pusyamitra.

Q101. What was the title of the first newspaper published by James Augustus Hickey?

(A) The Bengal Journal

(B) The Calcutta Chronicle

(C) The Madras Courier

(D) The Bengal Gazette

Answer: (D)

Exp: Hicky's Bengal Gazette was the first English-language newspaper published on the Indian subcontinent. It was founded in Calcutta, capital of British India at the time, by Irishman James Augustus Hicky in 1779.

Q102. Bats use ……… to navigate and find food.

(A) Resonance

(B) Magneto-reception

(C) Electroreception

(D) Echolocation

Answer: (D)

Exp: Bats navigate and find insect prey using echolocation.

Q103. Largest wind farm of India is located in:

(A) Tamil Nadu

(B) Andhra Pradesh

(C) Maharashtra

(D) Gujarat

Answer: (A)

Exp: The Muppandal Wind Farm is India's largest operational onshore wind farm. This project located in Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu.

Q104. Which electromagnetic radiation(s) is/are used to cook food?

(A) Infrared radiation only

(B) Microwave radiation only

(C) Infrared and microwave radiations

(D) All electromagnetic radiations

Answer: (B)

Exp: Microwaves are used to cook food. Microwave oven is a domestic application of these waves.

Q105. Which of the following States in India has maximum number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites?

(A) Maharashtra

(B) Odisha

(C) Karnataka

(D) Tamil Nadu

Answer: (A)

Exp: Currently, Maharashtra has total five Unesco World Heritage Sites and this number is highest among all states and UTs in India. The sites include Ajanta Caves, Ellora Caves, Elephanta Caves, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus and the Victorian Gothic and Art Deco buildings of South Mumbai.

Q106. Point of Origin of Earthquake wave is known as:

(A) Epicentre

(B) seismic focus

(C) Photosphere

(D) Seismic Zone

Answer: (B)

Exp: The point where the earthquake originates is called the seismic focus. The point on the Earth's surface vertically above the focus is called its epicentre.

Q107. When and where was the demand for “Purna Swaraj” or complete independence made by the Indian National Congress?

(A) Bombay, 1885

(B) Lahore, 1929

(C) Kheda, 1917

(D) Bombay, 1942

Answer: (B)

Exp: The Indian National Congress, on 19 December 1929, passed the historic 'Purna Swaraj' – (total independence) resolution – at its Lahore session.

Q108. Who founded the Central Hindu School at Benaras which was later developed into Benaras Hindu University?

(A) Madan Mohan Malaviya

(B) Annie Besant

(C) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar

(D) Madame H.P. Blavatsky

Answer: (B)

Exp: She had founded the Central Hindu College in 1898 in Varanasi and this college was later gifted to Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya for the later to get it converted into Banaras Hindu University.

Q109. Qutb Minar was originally four-storied. Who among the following Delhi Sultans raised the height to the structure by adding the fifth storey?

(A) Balban

(B) Alauddin Khalji

(C) Muhammad Tughlaq

(D) Firoz Shah Tughlaq

Answer: (D)

Exp: Qitub-ud-Din Aibak initiated the Qutub Minar's construction, however he barely finished the basement. His successor Iltutmish took over the construction of the tower and added three more storeys to it. Firoz Shah Tuglak finished the last two stories.

Q110. Which one of the following Union Territories of India is the smallest in terms of geographical area?

(A) Daman and Diu

(B) Chandigarh

(C) Dadra and Nagar Haveli

(D) Lakshadweep

Answer: (D)

Exp: The smallest union territory of India is Lakshadweep with an area of 32 sq.

Q111. Who was the first Vice-Chairman of the NITI Aayog?

(A) Arvind Panagariya

(B) Raghuram Rajan

(C) Chandrashekhara Subramanyan

(D) Rajiv Kumar

Answer: (A)

Exp: Arvind Panagariya served as first vice-chairman of the government of India think-tank NITI Aayog between January 2015 and August 2017.

Q112. Which of the following is the judicial capital of Dadra and Nagar Haveli?

(A) Nagpur

(B) Silvassa

(C) Mumbai

(D) Pune

Answer: (C)

Exp: Bombay High Court's jurisdiction covers the states of Maharashtra and Goa and the Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu.

Q113. What is the name of the launch vehicle used by ISRO in launching Mangalyaan?

(A) Ariane-5

(B) PSLV-C25

(C) GSLV-D5

(D) PSLV-C47

Answer: (B)

Exp: The Rocket used was Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV)-XL C25. The launching of the Mangalyaan took place from Satish Dhawan Space Center, Sriharikota Andhra Pradesh.

Q114. During whose rule was the capital of India transferred from Calcutta to Delhi?

(A) Lord Hardinge

(B) Lord Dalhousie

(C) Lord Canning

(D) Lord Ripon

Answer: (A)

Exp: In the year 1911 Calcutta became the former capital of British India and it was shifted to Delhi. The decision was taken during the reign of Lord Hardinge, the then Viceroy of India.

Q115. Under whose reign did the Chauri Chaura incident took place in India?

(A) Lord Mountbatten

(B) Lord Dalhousie

(C) Lord Reading

(D) Lord Rippon

Answer: (C)

Exp: The Chauri Chaura incident occurred at Chauri Chaura in the Gorakhpur district in 1922 during the reign of Lord Reading.

Q116. Who is the founder of Ramakrishna Mission?

(A) Atmaram

(B) Swami Vivekananda

(C) Ramakrishna Paramahamsa

(D) Dayanand Saraswati

Answer: (B)

Exp: Swami Vivekananda founded the Ramakrishna Mission at Belur, near Calcutta in 1897.

Q117. When was Gandhi-Irwin Pact passed in India?

(A) 1931

(B) 1919

(C) 1927

(D) 1921

Answer: (A)

Exp: Gandhi-Irwin Pact, agreement signed on March 5, 1931, between Mohandas K. Gandhi, leader of the Indian nationalist movement, and Lord Irwin, British viceroy of India.

Q118. Who was the first Gupta ruler to attain the title of 'Maharajadhiraja'?

(A) Chandragupta I

(B) Samudragupta

(C) Kumaragupta

(D) Kurugupta

Answer: (A)

Exp: Chandragupta I of the Gupta Empire came to be known as the Maharajadhiraj due to the powerful alliances he made in the Ganges region.

Q119. Simon Commission of 1927 was boycotted:

(A) to protest the arrest of Mahatma Gandhi

(B) as Indians were excluded from the Commission

(C) to protest the inclusion of Sir John Simon in the Commission

(D) to protest against the Jallianwala bagh massacre

Answer: (B)

Exp: It was boycotted by the Indians because: All its members were Englishmen. The Commission had no Indian member.

Q120. Which of the following movements was launched along with Khilafat Movement?

(A) Non–Cooperation Movement

(B) Civil Disobedience Movement

(C) Home Rule Movement

(D) Swadeshi Movement

Answer: (A)

Exp: Khilafat Movement Launched in 1919 under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi. The Non-cooperation movement was launched on 4 September 1920, by Mahatma Gandhi.

Q121. Who was the first woman Chief Minister in India?

(A) Nandini Satpathi

(B) Sashilkala Kodokar

(C) Vijay Laxmi Pandit

(D) Sucheta Kripalani

Answer: (D)

Exp: Sucheta Kriplaniwas India's first female Chief Minister, serving as the head of the Uttar Pradesh government from 1963 to 1967.

Q122. In Basket Ball there will be ______ players on the court:

(A) 5

(B) 6

(C) 7

(D) 8

Answer: (A)

Exp: There will be 5 players on the court.

Q123. Mughal Emperor ______ permitted the English East India Company to establish their factory in 1613 at Surat.

(A) Jehangir

(B) Aurangzeg

(C) Bahadur Shah

(D) Babur

Answer: (A)

Exp: Mughal Emperor Jahangir permitted the English East India Company to establish their factory in 1613 at Surat.

Q124. General Dyer who was responsible for Jallianwala Bagh massacre was shot dead by:

(A) Sohan Singh Bhanka

(B) V.V.S. Iyer

(C) Mohal Lal Dhingara

(D) Udham Singh

Answer: (D)

Exp: In 1940, in retaliation for the massacre, O'Dwyer was assassinated by the Indian revolutionary Udham Singh.

Q125. Tides occur in sea due to:

(A) Pull exerted on earth by the gravity of the moon and sun

(B) Spherical surface of earth

(C) Gravitation of earth

(D) Non of these

Answer: (A)

Exp: High tides and low tides are caused by the moon. The moon's gravitational pull generates something called the tidal force.

Q126. India does not share physical boundaries with which of the following countries?

(A) Sri Lanka

(B) Pakistan

(C) China

(D) Nepal

Answer: (A)

Exp: Sri Lanka does not share a land boundary with India.

Q127. In which year paper currency was started in India?

(A) 1861

(B) 1542

(C) 1601

(D) 1680

Answer: (A)

Exp: The first paper currency note, i.e. the 10 rupees' note was introduced by the Government of India in the year 1861.

Q128. Who among the following propounded eight-fold path?

(A) Kabirdas

(B) Buddha

(C) Shankarachrya

(D) Mahavir

Answer: (B)

Exp: The idea of the Eightfold Path appears in what is regarded as the first sermon of the founder of Buddhism, Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha, which he delivered after his enlightenment.

Q129. Which is the largest national park in the North East region?

(A) Khangchendzonga National Park

(B) Kaziranga National Park

(C) Manas National Park

(D) Namdapha National Park

Answer: (D)

Exp: Namdapha National Park in Arunachal Pradesh is the largest national park in the North-East by area. It was established as a national park in 1983.

Q130. “Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it,” this slogan was given by:

(A) Lala Lajpat Roy

(B) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

(C) Mahatma Gandhi

(D) Sardar Patel

Answer: (B)

Exp: Bal Gangadhar Tilak raised the slogan, "Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it".

Q131. Who among the following Indians criticised the “Drain of Wealth Theory” in the British House of Commons for the first time ?

(A) Dadabhai Naoroji

(B) Gopal Krishna Gokhale

(C) Mohammed Ali Zinnah

(D) Shyamji Krishna Verma

Answer: (A)

Exp: In 1867, Dadabhai Naoroji put forward the 'drain of wealth' theory in which he stated that the Britain was completely draining India. He mentioned this theory in his book Poverty and Un-British Rule in India.

Q132. The APSC came into existence in which year?

(A) 1st April 1937

(B) 15th August 1947

(C) 26th January 1950

(D) 1st April 1947

Answer: (A)

Exp: The Assam Public Service Commission came into existence on 1st April, 1937 in accordance with the provision of the Govt. of India Act, 1935. Mr. James Hezelett was its first Chairman.

Q133. With which famous personality we associate the phrase ‘A Native’?

(A) Gunabhiram Barua

(B) Maniram Dewan

(C) Anandaram Dhekial Phukan

(D) Rudra Barua

Answer: (C)

Exp: The phrase 'A Native' is associated with Anandaram Dhekial Phukan, an early Assamese intellectual and reformer.

Q134. The first discourse of Buddha in Sarnath is called / The first sermon of Buddha in Sarnath is called:

(A) Mahabhiniskraman

(B) Mahaparinirvana

(C) Mahamastakabhisheka

(D) Dharmachakrapravartan

Answer: (D)

Exp: The sermon, Buddha gave to the five monks, was his first sermon, called the Dharmachakrapravartan.

Q135. Who were the immediate successors of the Imperial Mauryas in Magadha?

(A) Kushans

(B) Pandyas

(C) Satavahanas

(D) Sungas

Answer: (D)

Exp: The Shunga Empire was an ancient Indian dynasty from Magadha that controlled areas of the central and eastern Indian subcontinent from around 187 to 78 BCE. The dynasty was established by Pushyamitra Shunga, after the fall of the Maurya Empire.

Q136. Which of the following battles changed the destiny of a Mughal ruler of India?

(A) Haldighati

(B) Panipat II

(C) Khanua

(D) Chausa

Answer: (B)

Exp: The Second Battle of Panipat was a watershed moment in Indian history. It was fought on November 5, 1556, between Akbar and the Hindu king of Delhi Hemu.

Q137. “The Vedas contain all the truth” was interpreted by:

(A) Swami Vivekanand

(B) Swami Dayanand

(C) Swami Shraddhanand

(D) S. Radhakrishnan

Answer: (B)

Exp: The vedas contain all the truth was interpreted by Swami Dayananda Saraswati. He was founder of Arya Samaj.

Q138. The three tier Panchayati Raj institution was established on the recommendation of:

(A) Balwant Rai Committee

(B) Ashok Mehta Committee

(C) Vishwevaishyya Committee

(D) Singhvi Committee

Answer: (A)

Exp: The Balwant Rai Mehta Committee was formed in 1957. It introduced the three- tier Panchayati Raj system, which consisted of the Gram Panchayat at the village level, the Panchayat Samiti at the block level and the Zila Parishad at the district level.

Q139. Who among the following has been popularly known as ‘Frontier Gandhi’?

(A) Mahatma Gandhi

(B) Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan

(C) Vinoba Bhave

(D) None of these

Answer: (B)

Exp: Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan was called the Frontier Gandhi because of his non-violent nationalist movement among the Pashtuns of the North-West Frontier Province.

Q140. India conducted first nuclear test in:

(A) 1975

(B) 1974

(C) 1973

(D) 1977

Answer: (B)

Exp: Operation Smiling Buddha (Pokhran-I) was the assigned code name of India's first successful nuclear bomb test on 18 May 1974.

Q141. The song “Jana Gana Mana” was adopted as National Anthem of India in the year:

(A) 1947

(B) 1949

(C) 1950

(D) 1951

Answer: (C)

Exp: Jana Gana Mana" was officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly as the Indian national anthem on 24 January 1950. Jana Gana Mana was originally composed in Bengali by Rabindranath Tagore. it was first sung in 1911 at the Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress.

Q142. Who among the following first started Narmada Bachao Campaign?

(A) Baba Amte

(B) Medha Patekar

(C) Madhu Kamekar

(D) Madhu Kodse

Answer: (B)

Exp: Medha Patkar is a leading founder of the Narmada Bachao Andolan, which opposed displacement and environmental impacts of large dams in the Narmada valley.

Q143. The study of coins is called:

(A) Archaeology

(B) Historiography

(C) Numismatics

(D) Epigraphy

Answer: (C)

Exp: Numismatics is the study of coins and other currency units and is usually associated with the appraisal and collection of rare coins. Numismatists study the physical properties, production technology, and historical context of specimens of currency.

Q144. Which deity is worshipped during the Bausagu Festival?

(A) Bathou

(B) Bishnu

(C) Tirupati

(D) Brahma

Answer: (A)

Exp: The Bausagu festival is associated with worship of Bathou, a major deity/tradition among the Bodo community; the source equates Bathou with Lord Shiva.

Q145. Who is the first lady recipient of Dada Saheb Phalke Award?

(A) Nargis Dutt

(B) Uma Devi

(C) Devika Rani

(D) Sulochana

Answer: (C)

Exp: Devika Rani became the first ever recipient of the Dadasaheb Phalke Award, the country's highest award for films, when it was instituted in 1969.

Q146. The Rajatarangini was composed by:

(A) Kalidasa

(B) Kautilya

(C) Todar Mal

(D) Kalhana

Answer: (D)

Exp: The Rajtarangani composed by Kalhana in the twelfth century is the main source of the History of Medieval Kashmir. It was written in Sanskrit and comprises 7826 verses and is divided into eight books called Tarangas.

Q147. Who was the first actress to be conferred the honour of Padmashree?

(A) Kanan Devi

(B) Devika Rani

(C) Sulochana

(D) Nargis Dutt

Answer: (D)

Exp: Nargis Dutt, receiving Padma Shri award from the President, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi on October 29, 1958. Nargis became the first Indian actress to be conferred with a Padma award when she won the prestigious Padma Shri in 1958.

Q148. In his inscriptions Ashoka called himself:

(A) Devanampriya Priyadarshi

(B) Ashoka Priyadarshi

(C) Dhammasoka (Dharmasoka)

(D) Daivaputra

Answer: (A)

Exp: Priyadarshi means: who looks at others with love. The emperor also named Asoka on only two of his rock edicts was really called Devanampriya Priyadarshi: the one who loves the Divinity (or loved by the divinity) who looks upon others with love.

Q149. National Rural Employment Guarantee Act was enacted in which of the following year?

(A) 2005

(B) 2006

(C) 2014

(D) 2018

Answer: (A)

Exp: The Government of India passed the 2005 National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, as a way to ensure up to 100 days of paid work per year for poor adults.

Q150. The Battle of Ten Kings is described in which of the following Veda?

(A) Rig Veda

(B) Yajur Veda

(C) Sama Veda

(D) Arthava Veda

Answer: (A)

Exp: The Battle of Ten kings (Dashrajnya) is depicted in the 7th mandala of Rig Veda.

Q151. Who was the first Indian woman to scale the Mount Everest?

(A) Bachhendri Pal

(B) Phew Dorajee

(C) Aan Saang Suu Kyi

(D) Yoko Ono

Answer: (A)

Exp: Bachendri pal holds the record of being the first Indian women to climb the Mount Everest which is the highest mountain range in the world.

Q152. The slogan ‘Inquilab Zindabad’ was given by:

(A) Chandra Shekhar Azad

(B) Maulana Hasrat Mohani

(C) Bhagat Singh

(D) Mahatma Gandhi

Answer: (B)

Exp: The famous slogan Inquilab Zindabad was given by Maulana Hasrat Mohani. After bombing the Central Assembly in Delhi the slogan was shouted by Bhagat Singh.

Q153. Philology is the:

(A) Study of bones

(B) Study of muscles

(C) Study of architecture

(D) Study of language

Answer: (D)

Exp: Philology is the study of the history of language, including the historical study of literary texts.

Q154. In the Sanskrit inscription the name of Naranarayan is mentioned as:

(A) Malladeva

(B) Chilarai

(C) Prithu

(D) Kumar Raja

Answer: (A)

Exp: In Sanskrit inscriptions, Nara Narayan is referred to as Malladeva; he was the prominent Koch ruler of the 16th century.

Q155. The third Burmese invasion took place in the year:

(A) 1817

(B) 1818

(C) 1819

(D) 1821

Answer: (D)

Exp: There were three Burmese invasions of Assam between 1817 and 1826, during which time the Kingdom of Assam came under the control of Burma from 1821 to 1825. First Burmese invasion: 1817 Second Burmese invasion: 1819 Third Burmese invasion: 1821

Q156. The Headquarters of International Court of Justice is located in:

(A) Paris (France)

(B) Geneva (Switzerland)

(C) New York (USA)

(D) The Hague (Netherlands)

Answer: (D)

Exp: The headquarters of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) is situated in the "The Hague", Netherlands.

Q157. Who was responsible for the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre of 1919?

(A) Michael O' Dwyer

(B) Brigadier-General Dyer

(C) Chelmsford

(D) None of these

Answer: (B)

Exp: General dyer ordered his troopes to order fire on a crowd of non violent protestors gathered in Jallianwala Bagh on the day of Baisakhi .

Q158. Which of the following was involved in Alipore bomb case?

(A) Aurobindo Ghosh

(B) P.C. Benerjee

(C) Bipin Chandra Pal

(D) Subhash Chandra Bose

Answer: (A)

Exp: Alipore Bomb case was a historic trial in which the British Government tried to implicate Sri Aurobindo in various revolutionary activities.

Q159. Who is regraded as the greatest law giver of ancient India?

(A) Panini

(B) Manu

(C) Kautilya

(D) None of these

Answer: (B)

Exp: Manusmriti, a book on Indian law is attributed to the legendary first man and lawgiver, Manu. Manu-smriti, traditionally the most authoritative of the books of the Hindu code (Dharmashastra) in India.

Q160. Who was the only muslim lady to occupy the throne of Delhi?

(A) Nurjahan

(B) Raziya Sultan

(C) Mumtaj Mahal

(D) Hamidabanu Begum

Answer: (B)

Exp: Razia Sultana was the first woman Sultanate of India, and ruled the court of Delhi from the end of 1236 to 1240.

Q161. At the death of Gandhiji who said, “Light has gone from our lives’ ?

(A) Dr. Rajendra Prasad

(B) Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru

(C) Dr. S. Radhakrishnan

(D) Lord Mountbaten

Answer: (B)

Exp: The light has gone out of our lives is a speech that was delivered ex tempore by Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, on January 30, 1948, following the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi earlier that evening.

Q162. Who returned the Knighthood award as a protest on Jallianwala Bagh Massacre?

(A) Rabindranath Tagore

(B) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

(C) Sri Aurobindo

(D) Mahatma Gandhi

Answer: (A)

Exp: Rabindranath Tagore returned his Knighthood award as a protest when he came to know about the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, took place on 1919.

Q163. Who is the Chief Law Officer of the Government of India?

(A) The Chief Justice of India

(B) The Registrar of the Supreme Court

(C) The Law Minister of India

(D) The Attorney General of India

Answer: (D)

Exp: The Attorney General for India is the Indian government's chief legal advisor, and its primary lawyer in the Supreme Court of India. 12. The Indian constitution has adopted the concept of “Directive Principles of state policy" from which constitution? a. Ireland b. U.S.A. c. Canada d. Australia tanks and wells Answer: a. Ireland The concept of Directive Principles of State Policy was borrowed from the Irish Constitution. Part IV of the Constitution of India (Article 36–51) contains the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP).

Q164. What is the playing time of the full version of the Indian National Anthem?

(A) 47 seconds

(B) 50 seconds

(C) 52 seconds

(D) 60 seconds

Answer: (C)

Exp: The playing time of the full version of the national anthem is approximately 52 seconds.

Q165. Through which of the given regions does the equator run?

(A) Africa

(B) India

(C) Arabia

(D) China

Answer: (A)

Exp: The equator is an imaginary line that circles the Earth, splitting it into the Northern and Southern hemispheres.

Q166. The Morley-Minto reform reserved seats for which community?

(A) Jains

(B) Jews

(C) Christians

(D) Muslims

Answer: (D)

Exp: Indian Council Act of 1909 is also known as Morley- Minto Reform. It was instituted to placate the Moderates (Congress) and introduce separate electorates on the basis of religion. Therefore, Lord Minto came to be known as the Father of Communal Electorate in India. A momentous introduction in the reforms was the separate electorates where seats were reserved for Muslims and in which only Muslims would be polled.

Q167. The national flag of Independent India has been designed by?

(A) Mahatma Gandhi

(B) Pingali Venkayya

(C) Subhash Chandra Bose

(D) Rabindranath Tagore

Answer: (B)

Exp: Explanation: The National Flag of India was adopted in its present form during a meeting of the Constituent Assembly held on 22 July 1947, and it became the official flag of India on 15 August 1947. The flag was subsequently retained as that of the Republic of India. The flag is based on the Swaraj flag, a flag of the Indian National Congress designed by Pingali Venkayya.

Q168. What was the usual shape of the Kachari coin?

(A) Diagonal

(B) Round

(C) Hexagonal

(D) Square

Answer: (B)

Exp: Koch coins were die-struck and round in shape. The Ahom coins were minted mainly in Octagonal shape.

Q169. In which year the Project Tiger in Manas National Park was started?

(A) 1972

(B) 1973

(C) 1975

(D) 1976

Answer: (B)

Exp: Project Tiger is a tiger conservation programme launched in April 1973 by the Government of India during Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's tenure.

Q170. In 1876, the Indian National Association was established by _______ in Calcutta.

(A) V. K. Chiplunkar

(B) Anand Mohan Bose

(C) Shishir Kumar Ghosh

(D) Badruddin Tyabji

Answer: (B)

Exp: The Indian Association was the first avowed nationalist organization founded in British India by Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose in 1876.

Q171. Which cells in our body are popularly called “soldiers of the human body”?

(A) Red blood cells

(B) Eosinophils

(C) Basophils

(D) White blood cells

Answer: (D)

Exp: White blood cells provide immunity to our body. They help in fighting against diseases, infections, allergies and foreign particles. These cells keep our body safe and healthy. White blood cell is called as "soldiers of the human body”.

Q172. Which was the first Muslim dynasty that ruled India?

(A) Slave dynasty

(B) Tughlaq dynasty

(C) Lodhi dynasty

(D) Khilji dynasty

Answer: (A)

Exp: The Indian subcontinent was ruled by the Slave dynasty for 84 years. This was the first Muslim dynasty that reigned India.

Q173. Who was called the ‘Lady with a lamp’?

(A) Sarojini Naidu

(B) Madame Cama

(C) Annie Besant

(D) Florence Nightingale

Answer: (D)

Exp: Florence Nightingale was a legend in her own lifetime and one of the most famous women in British history. Sarojini Naidu known as “The Nightingale of India” because of her mesmerizing poetry.

Q174. The well known leader of Khilafat movement was:

(A) Ali brothers

(B) Chittaranjan Das

(C) Subhash Chandra Bose

(D) None of these

Answer: (A)

Exp: Indian Muslims launched the Khilafat Movement under the leadership of Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali, popularly known as the Ali brothers. The Khilafat Movement (1919-1924)

Q175. The punchmark coins were in vogue during:

(A) Vedic period

(B) Harappan period

(C) Mauryan period

(D) Later Vedic period

Answer: (C)

Exp: Punch-marked coins, also known as Aahat coins, are a type of early coinage of India, dating to between about the 6th and 2nd centuries BC.

Q176. The Panchayati Raj was first introduced in:

(A) 1956

(B) 1959

(C) 1961

(D) 1965

Answer: (B)

Exp: The Panchayat Raj system was first adopted in Rajasthan's Nagaur district on 2 Oct 1959 by the then Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.

Q177. Which of the following metals was not known to Indus Valley people?

(A) Bronze

(B) None of these

(C) Iron

(D) Copper

Answer: (C)

Exp: Iron was not discovered by the Harappan people.

Q178. Which of the following archeologists found the seal of Bhaskaravarman during the excavation of the ruins of Nalanda in 1917-1918?

(A) Dr. Richard Meadow

(B) R. D. Banerji

(C) Dr. David B. Spooner

(D) D. R. Sahni

Answer: (C)

Exp: Dr David B. Spooner is credited with finding the seal of Bhaskaravarman during excavations at Nalanda in 1917–1918.

Q179. The two great Mughal rulers who wrote their own memories are:

(A) Babar and Humayun

(B) Jehangir and Shahjahan

(C) Humayun and Akbar

(D) Babar and Jahangir

Answer: (D)

Exp: Babur and Jahangir were the two Mughal emperors who wrote autobiographical memoirs. Babur's memoir is the Baburnama (Tuzuk-i-Baburi), while Jahangir's is the Jahangirnama. Babur wrote mainly in Chagatai Turkish; Jahangir's memoir records court, political and personal observations.

Q180. The Indian leader who attended all the three Round Table Conferences held in London was:

(A) M. K. Gandhi

(B) Sardar B. Patel

(C) Dr. B. R. Ambedkar

(D) Dr. Rajendra Prasad

Answer: (C)

Exp: B. R. Ambedkar attended all three Round Table Conferences held in London in 1930–1932. He represented the interests of the Depressed Classes. Gandhi attended only the Second Conference in 1931.

Q181. Who was the last Mughal Emperor to sit on the Peacock Throne?

(A) Muhammad Shah

(B) Shah Alam II

(C) Bahadur Shah Zafar

(D) Aurangzeb

Answer: (A)

Exp: Muhammad Shah was the last Mughal emperor associated with possession of the Peacock Throne before Nadir Shah captured it during his invasion of Delhi in 1739. Nadir Shah also took the Koh-i-Noor.

Q182. The invasion of Alexander took place in north-west India in 326 B.C. in the period of:

(A) Ajata Shatru

(B) Nandas

(C) Chandra Gupta Maurya

(D) Shishunaga

Answer: (B)

Exp: Alexander invaded north-western India in 326 BCE during the rule of the Nanda dynasty, traditionally identified with Dhanananda. He fought King Porus at the Battle of the Hydaspes.

Q183. Chandragupta Maurya embraced which religion during the last days of his life?

(A) Buddhism

(B) Vaishnavism

(C) Jainism

(D) Shaivism

Answer: (C)

Exp: According to Jain tradition, Chandragupta Maurya embraced Jainism late in life and went to Shravanabelagola with the Jain teacher Bhadrabahu. He is traditionally said to have undertaken sallekhana there.

Q184. Name the king who invaded Delhi and plundered the Koh-i-Noor Diamond:

(A) Nadir Shah

(B) Firuz Shah

(C) Mohammed Shah

(D) Mohammed Ghori

Answer: (A)

Exp: Nadir Shah invaded the Mughal Empire and captured Delhi in 1739. He carried away enormous wealth, including the Peacock Throne and the Koh-i-Noor.

Q185. Who among the following foreigners was the first to visit India?

(A) Hiuen-Tsang

(B) Megasthenes

(C) I-Tsing

(D) Fa-Hien

Answer: (B)

Exp: Megasthenes was a Greek ambassador sent by Seleucus I Nicator to the court of Chandragupta Maurya. His account, Indica, is an important source for Mauryan India.

Q186. Mangal Pandey fired the first shot of the Revolt of 1857 at:

(A) Barrackpore

(B) Meerut

(C) Kanpur

(D) Jhansi

Answer: (A)

Exp: Mangal Pandey attacked British officers at Barrackpore on 29 March 1857. The wider uprising began at Meerut on 10 May 1857; Barrackpore is an important immediate prelude.

Q187. Who was the Hindu king shown playing the Veena on ancient coins?

(A) Samudragupta

(B) Ashoka

(C) Vikramaditya

(D) Shivaji

Answer: (A)

Exp: Samudragupta issued a famous Veena-player type gold coin showing himself playing a stringed instrument. His coins are important evidence of Gupta royal ideology and cultural patronage.

Q188. Who was the first Indian to become a member of the British Parliament?

(A) D. N. Wacha

(B) Dadabhai Naoroji

(C) Badruddin Tyabji

(D) W. C. Banerjee

Answer: (B)

Exp: Dadabhai Naoroji became the first Indian elected to the British House of Commons in 1892, representing Finsbury Central. He used Parliament to raise Indian economic issues and developed the Drain of Wealth theory.

Q189. Who was the Governor-General of India during the Sepoy Mutiny?

(A) Lord Ellenborough

(B) Lord Hardinge

(C) Lord Bentinck

(D) Lord Canning

Answer: (D)

Exp: Lord Canning was Governor-General when the Revolt of 1857 broke out. After the Government of India Act 1858, Company rule ended and Canning became the first Viceroy of India.

Q190. Abhinav Bharat Society of revolutionaries was organized by:

(A) Jawaharlal Nehru

(B) Vinayak Savarkar

(C) Mahatma Gandhi

(D) Bhagat Singh

Answer: (B)

Exp: Vinayak Damodar Savarkar and his brother Ganesh Damodar Savarkar organized Abhinav Bharat Society in 1904. It evolved from the Mitra Mela and became a revolutionary organization opposed to British rule.

Q191. The ground of the Battle of Plassey is situated in:

(A) West Bengal

(B) Gujarat

(C) Bihar

(D) Odisha

Answer: (A)

Exp: The Battle of Plassey was fought at Plassey in present-day West Bengal on 23 June 1757. Robert Clive defeated Siraj-ud-daulah, giving the East India Company decisive political influence in Bengal.

Q192. What caused the decline of the Gupta Empire in the 5th century?

(A) Chalukyan attack

(B) Greek invasion

(C) Hun invasion

(D) Pallava attack

Answer: (C)

Exp: The weakening of the Gupta Empire was accelerated by Huna invasions in the 5th century, along with political fragmentation and the rise of regional powers. Yashodharman of Malwa later defeated the Hunas.

Q193. The first telegraph line between Calcutta and Agra was opened in:

(A) 1852

(B) 1853

(C) 1854

(D) 1855

Answer: (B)

Exp: The first major telegraph line between Calcutta and Agra was opened in 1853 during the administration of Lord Dalhousie. Telegraph communication strengthened administrative and military coordination.

Q194. The Indus-Valley people knew how to write and their script was:

(A) Pictographic

(B) Brahmi

(C) Pali

(D) Magadhi

Answer: (A)

Exp: The Indus/Harappan script remains undeciphered and is commonly described in textbooks as pictographic in appearance. It is distinct from the later Brahmi script and has not been securely deciphered.

Q195. Which of the following characterizes the people of Indus Civilization? 1. Great palaces and temples. 2. Worshipped male and female deities. 3. Employed horse-drawn chariots in warfare.

(A) 1 and 2

(B) Only 2

(C) All of these

(D) None of these

Answer: (B)

Exp: Only statement 2 is supported by standard textbook evidence. Harappan sites provide evidence of religious symbols and possible male/female deities, but there is no convincing evidence of great palaces/temples or widespread horse-drawn chariots in warfare.

Q196. Who gave the slogan 'Give me blood, I shall give you freedom'?

(A) Rash Behari Bose

(B) Subhas Chandra Bose

(C) Mohan Singh

(D) Rabindranath Tagore

Answer: (B)

Exp: Subhas Chandra Bose gave the famous call associated with his leadership of the Indian National Army. It expressed the revolutionary mobilization strategy of the INA during the struggle against British rule.

Q197. Who was the first Indian woman president of the Indian National Congress?

(A) Sarojini Naidu

(B) Annie Besant

(C) Sarala Devi

(D) Ramabai Saraswati

Answer: (A)

Exp: Sarojini Naidu became the first Indian woman to preside over the Congress at its Kanpur session in 1925. Annie Besant was the first woman Congress president overall, in 1917.

Q198. Who was the founder of Swaraj Party?

(A) C. Rajagopalachari

(B) Motilal Nehru

(C) Lala Lajpat Rai

(D) Mahatma Gandhi

Answer: (B)

Exp: The Swaraj Party was founded in 1923 by C. R. Das and Motilal Nehru after the withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement. Its strategy was to enter legislative councils and obstruct colonial policies from within.

Q199. What was the most important feature of the Indus Valley Civilization?

(A) Goods exchange system (Barter System)

(B) Local transportation system

(C) Brick-built buildings

(D) Administrative system

Answer: (C)

Exp: Standardized brick-built construction is a major hallmark of the Indus Civilization. Many cities used standardized baked bricks and displayed planned streets, drainage systems and substantial public structures, showing a high level of urban organization.

Q200. In July 1905, who ordered the Partition of Bengal?

(A) Warren Hastings

(B) Lord Irwin

(C) Lord Curzon

(D) Viscount Mountbatten

Answer: (C)

Exp: Lord Curzon announced the Partition of Bengal in July 1905; it came into effect on 16 October 1905. The partition stimulated the Swadeshi and Boycott Movement and was annulled in 1911.

Q201. Who is associated with the term 'Loknayak' in India?

(A) Lala Lajpat Rai

(B) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

(C) Jayaprakash Narayan

(D) Madan Mohan Malviya

Answer: (C)

Exp: Jayaprakash Narayan is popularly known as Loknayak ('People's Leader'). He played major roles in the freedom movement and later led the movement for 'Total Revolution' in the 1970s.

Q202. The word Vid from which Veda has been derived means:

(A) God

(B) Holy

(C) Doctrine

(D) Knowledge

Answer: (D)

Exp: The root vid in Sanskrit means “to know”; Veda therefore carries the sense of knowledge or sacred knowledge.

Q203. The ‘August Offer’ of 1940 was made by:

(A) Lord Minto

(B) Lord Morley

(C) Lord Linlithgow

(D) Lord Mountbatten

Answer: (C)

Exp: 8 August 1940 marked the August Offer announced by Viceroy Lord Linlithgow during the Second World War.

Q204. Who among the following Sultans had assumed the title of ‘Zil-i-Ilahi’ (Shadow of God on the Earth)?

(A) Qutbuddin Aibak

(B) Iltutmish

(C) Balban

(D) Firuz Shah Tughlaq

Answer: (C)

Exp: Balban strengthened the theory of exalted kingship and used the Persian concept Zil-i-Ilahi, meaning Shadow of God.

Q205. Who among the following has been called the Napoleon of India?

(A) Harshavardhana

(B) Samudragupta

(C) chandragupta

(D) Ashoka

Answer: (B)

Exp: Samudragupta was called the “Napoleon of India” by historian V. A. Smith because of his extensive military campaigns; the Prayaga Prashasti records his achievements.

Q206. Smog is a combination of:

(A) air and water vapor

(B) fire and water

(C) water and smoke

(D) smoke and fog

Answer: (D)

Exp: Smog originally described a mixture of smoke and fog. Classical industrial smog is strongly associated with coal burning, smoke and sulfur dioxide.

Q207. Who was the first Indian woman to win an Olympic medal?

(A) P.T. Usha

(B) Shiny Abraham

(C) Karnam Malleswari

(D) Kunjarani Devi

Answer: (C)

Exp: Karnam Malleswari won bronze in women’s 69 kg weightlifting at the 2000 Sydney Olympics, becoming the first Indian woman to win an Olympic medal.

Q208. The first battle of Panipat was fought between:

(A) Humayun and Shershah

(B) Rana Sanga and Babur

(C) Akbar and Hemu

(D) Ibrahim Lodhi and Babur

Answer: (D)

Exp: 21 April 1526 was the First Battle of Panipat, where Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi, establishing Mughal power in North India.

Q209. Mahatma Gandhi was referred to ‘Father of Nation’ first by:

(A) Vallabhbhai Patel

(B) C. Rajagopalachari

(C) Subhash Chandra Bose

(D) Jawaharlal Nehru

Answer: (C)

Exp: The title “Father of the Nation” is widely associated with Subhas Chandra Bose’s address to Gandhi in 1944 from Singapore.

Q210. Indian Military Academy is situated at:

(A) Dehradun

(B) Mount Abu

(C) Hyderabad

(D) Udhampur

Answer: (A)

Exp: Indian Military Academy was established at Dehradun in 1932 and trains officers for the Indian Army.

Q211. The capital of the Mughal Empire was shifted from Agra to Delhi by:

(A) Jehangir

(B) Aurangzeb

(C) Humayun

(D) Shahjahan

Answer: (D)

Exp: 1638 marks Shah Jahan’s decision to shift the Mughal imperial capital from Agra to Shahjahanabad in Delhi.

Q212. In 1757, Siraj-ud-daula was defeated by:

(A) Canning

(B) Hastings

(C) Clive

(D) Cornwallis

Answer: (C)

Exp: The Battle of Plassey was fought on 23 June 1757; Robert Clive led the East India Company forces against Siraj-ud-daula.

Q213. The Ajanta caves were built during the period of:

(A) Guptas

(B) Kushans

(C) Mauryas

(D) Chalukyas

Answer: (A)

Exp: The Ajanta Caves span several centuries; their finest surviving paintings and sculptures are especially associated with the Vakataka period, contemporaneous with the Gupta age.

Q214. The decimal currency system started in India from:

(A) Janury 1959

(B) April 1951

(C) April 1957

(D) April 1955

Answer: (C)

Exp: India adopted decimal coinage from 1 April 1957, replacing the rupee-anna-pie system; 1 rupee was divided into 100 naye paise.

Q215. Name one famous poet of Delhi Sultanate who was adorned with title of “The Parrot of India”?

(A) Zia-Uddin Barani

(B) Tansen

(C) Alberuni

(D) Amir Khusro

Answer: (D)

Exp: Amir Khusrau (1253–1325) was a major Indo-Persian poet and musician associated with the Delhi Sultanate and is popularly called the “Parrot of India”.

Q216. Who is known as Indian Bismarck?

(A) Nehru

(B) Rajaji

(C) Patel

(D) Kamraj

Answer: (C)

Exp: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel is called the “Bismarck of India” for his decisive role in integrating princely states after independence.

Q217. Who was the last Viceroy of India?

(A) Lord Linlithgow

(B) Lord Mountbatten

(C) Lord Wavell

(D) Clement Attlee

Answer: (B)

Exp: Lord Mountbatten was the last Viceroy of India, serving from 1947; he continued as the first Governor-General of independent India until June 1948.

Q218. The Sultan who described himself as ‘The Second Alexander’ (Sikander -iSani) was:

(A) Balban

(B) Alauddin Khilji

(C) Muhammad bin Tughluq

(D) Sikander Lodi

Answer: (B)

Exp: Alauddin Khilji adopted the title Sikander-i-Sani (“Second Alexander”) to project imperial ambition.

Q219. With which of the following centres of learning, Chanakya the famous teacher of Chandragupta Maurya, was associated?

(A) Takshashila

(B) Nalanda

(C) Vikramashila

(D) Vaishali

Answer: (A)

Exp: Takshashila was a major ancient centre of learning in the north-western Indian subcontinent and is traditionally associated with Chanakya.

Q220. Who wrote Mrichchhakatika?

(A) Akbar

(B) Kalidas

(C) Sudraka

(D) Dandin

Answer: (C)

Exp: Mrichchhakatika (The Little Clay Cart) is a Sanskrit drama traditionally attributed to Shudraka.

Q221. The slogan 'Inquilab Zindabad' was first raised by:

(A) Lokamanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak

(B) Chandra Shekhar Azad

(C) Veer Savarkar

(D) Bhagat Singh

Answer: (D)

Exp: The slogan is associated with Hasrat Mohani, while Bhagat Singh popularised it through revolutionary politics.

Q222. ‘Razia Sultana’ was a ruler of:

(A) Khilji dynasty

(B) Tughlaq dynasty

(C) Slave dynasty

(D) Lodhi dynasty

Answer: (C)

Exp: Razia ruled Delhi from 1236–1240 and is remembered as the only woman to occupy the Delhi Sultanate throne.

Q223. The earliest known ‘dockyard’ has been discovered at:

(A) Bhagatrai

(B) Surkotada

(C) Lothal

(D) Suktagendor

Answer: (C)

Exp: Lothal in Gujarat is famous for its ancient dockyard, associated with the Harappan civilisation.

Q224. The venue of the ‘First Buddhist Council’ was:

(A) Rajagriha

(B) Sarnath

(C) Vaishali

(D) Gaya

Answer: (A)

Exp: The First Buddhist Council was held at Rajagriha (Rajgir) soon after the Buddha’s death, traditionally under King Ajatashatru.

Q225. Which important human right is protected in Article 21 of the Constitution of India?

(A) Right to Equality

(B) Right to Freedom of Religion

(C) Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression

(D) Right to life and liberty

Answer: (D)

Exp: Article 21 protects life and personal liberty and has been interpreted broadly by the Supreme Court.

Q226. Who was the last ruler of the Mughal dynasty?

(A) Bahadur Shah Zafar

(B) Aurangzeb

(C) Jehangir

(D) Shah Jahan

Answer: (A)

Exp: Bahadur Shah II (Zafar) was the last Mughal emperor and was deposed after the Revolt of 1857.

Q227. Whom did the Moamoriyas established as king after their victory in third phase of the rebellion?

(A) Rudra Singha

(B) Gagini

(C) Chaturbhujdeva

(D) Bharat Singha

Answer: (D)

Exp: The Moamoria Rebellion began in 1769 and severely weakened Ahom authority, continuing into the early nineteenth century.

Q228. Which Indian freedom fighter unfurled the flag known as Saptarishi at Stuttgart in Germany in 1907?

(A) Madam Cama

(B) Mahatma Gandhi

(C) Dadabhai Naoroji

(D) Lokmanya Tilak

Answer: (A)

Exp: 1907 saw Madam Bhikaji Cama unfurl an early version of the Indian national flag at the International Socialist Congress in Stuttgart.

Q229. The discovery of sea-route from Europe to India was made by:

(A) Columbus

(B) Vasco-da-Gama

(C) Marco Polo

(D) Magellan

Answer: (B)

Exp: 20 May 1498 is associated with Vasco da Gama’s arrival at Calicut, opening a direct maritime route from Europe to India.

Q230. What was the name of the atom bomb dropped by USA on Hiroshima in Japan during the Second World War?

(A) Little Boy

(B) Little Devil

(C) Little Fly

(D) None of these

Answer: (A)

Exp: Little Boy was dropped on Hiroshima on 6 August 1945; Fat Man was dropped on Nagasaki three days later.

Q231. The Second Battle of Panipat was fought in:

(A) 1456

(B) 1556

(C) 1526

(D) 1761

Answer: (B)

Exp: The Second Battle of Panipat was fought on 5 November 1556 between Akbar’s forces and Hemu.

Q232. A member of Parliament will lose his membership of Parliament if he is continuously absent from Sessions for:

(A) 45 days

(B) 60 days

(C) 90 days

(D) 365 days

Answer: (B)

Exp: Under Article 101, read with the relevant parliamentary rules, a House may declare a seat vacant when a member is absent without permission for 60 days.

Q233. What is India's first supercomputer known as?

(A) PARAM 2000

(B) PARAM 5000

(C) PARAM 6000

(D) PARAM 8000

Answer: (D)

Exp: PARAM 8000, developed by C-DAC under Vijay Pandurang Bhatkar, was launched in 1991 and became India’s landmark indigenous supercomputer.

Q234. The First Round Table Conference was held in London in:

(A) November 1930

(B) March 1919

(C) August 1942

(D) October 1939

Answer: (A)

Exp: The First Round Table Conference met in London from November 1930 to January 1931; it was part of the constitutional negotiations on India.

Q235. Who wrote the song “Vande Mataram”?

(A) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay

(B) Sharatchandra Chatterjee

(C) Ravindranath Tagore

(D) Mahatma Gandhi

Answer: (A)

Exp: Vande Mataram was written by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay and is India’s National Song.

Q236. Who founded the ‘Servants of India Society’ in 1905?

(A) G.K. Ghokhale

(B) Dadabhai Naoroji

(C) Madan Mohan Malviya

(D) Motilal Nehru

Answer: (A)

Exp: Gopal Krishna Gokhale founded the Servants of India Society in 1905 to train Indians for public service and social work.

Q237. Azad Hind Fauj or the India National Army (INA) was first established by:

(A) Mohan Singh

(B) Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose

(C) Rashbehari Bose

(D) None of the above

Answer: (A)

Exp: Mohan Singh organised the first INA in 1942; Subhas Chandra Bose later reorganised and led it from 1943.

Q238. Who was the architect of Taj Mahal?

(A) Ustad Mansur

(B) Ustad Isa

(C) Ustad Rohoni

(D) Ustad Shamsher

Answer: (B)

Exp: The Taj Mahal was commissioned by Shah Jahan; the architect is commonly identified as Ustad Ahmad Lahori. Construction began around 1632.

Q239. The foundation of Indian Vedanta philosophy is:

(A) Ram Charit Manas

(B) Mahabharat

(C) Puranas

(D) Upanishad

Answer: (D)

Exp: Vedanta, or Uttara Mimamsa, is rooted particularly in the philosophical teachings of the Upanishads.

Q240. 'Blue Revolution' related to:

(A) Milk Production

(B) Flower Production

(C) Fish production

(D) Fruit production

Answer: (C)

Exp: Blue Revolution refers to the rapid development of fisheries and aquaculture and increased fish production.

Q241. The study of fungi is known as:

(A) Phycology

(B) Mycology

(C) Polymology

(D) Protozoology

Answer: (B)

Exp: Mycology is the branch of biology dealing with fungi; algae are studied in phycology.

Q242. Which Article of the Constitution envisages free and compulsory education for children upto the age of 14 years?

(A) Article 45

(B) Article 19

(C) Article 21

(D) Article 32

Answer: (A)

Exp: The source refers to the pre-86th-Amendment wording of Article 45, which directed the State to provide free and compulsory education up to age 14. The 86th Amendment, 2002 later inserted Article 21A as a Fundamental Right for ages 6–14.

Q243. The most commonly used coin, during the Mauryan period, was:

(A) Nishka

(B) Karashapana

(C) Suvarna

(D) Kakini

Answer: (B)

Exp: Karshapana (punch-marked coinage) was widely used in the Mauryan monetary system and is among the best-known early Indian coin forms.

Q244. When was the first Independence day unofficially celebrated before Independence?

(A) On 26th January 1929

(B) On 26th January 1931

(C) On 26th January 1935

(D) On 26th January 1930

Answer: (D)

Exp: The first Independence Day was unofficially observed on 26 January 1930, following the Lahore Congress declaration of Purna Swaraj in December 1929. After Independence, 26 January was chosen for Republic Day because of this association.

Q245. Rabindranath Tagore had renounced his knighthood because:

(A) He wanted to join the Congress

(B) Of a sense of solidarity with the Indian royalty robbed of its power and honour

(C) Of the Jallianwala Bagh tragedy

(D) He was given to occasional eccentric quirks

Answer: (C)

Exp: Rabindranath Tagore renounced his knighthood in 1919 in protest against the Jallianwala Bagh massacre of 13 April 1919. He had received the knighthood in 1915.

Q246. The book ‘Springing Tiger’ is the biography of:

(A) Bhagat Singh

(B) Subhash Chandra Bose

(C) Chandra Shekhar Azad

(D) Ramprasad Bismil

Answer: (B)

Exp: Springing Tiger is a biography of Subhas Chandra Bose written by Hugh Toye. It deals with Bose’s political career and his role in the Indian independence struggle.

Q247. The book ‘India’s Struggle for Independence’ was authored by:

(A) Tarachand

(B) S.N. Sen

(C) R.C. Majumdar

(D) Bipan Chandra

Answer: (D)

Exp: India’s Struggle for Independence was authored by Bipan Chandra and his co-authors. Published in 1988, it covers the major phases of India’s national movement from 1857 to 1947.

Q248. Who gave the slogan ‘Dilli Chalo’?

(A) Bhagat Singh

(B) Jawaharlal Nehru

(C) Subhash Chandra Bose

(D) Mahatma Gandhi

Answer: (C)

Exp: Subhas Chandra Bose popularized the slogan “Dilli Chalo” in connection with the Indian National Army (INA) and its campaign to march towards India.

Q249. Who among the following was instrumental in the abolition of Sati in 1829?

(A) Lord Hastings

(B) Lord Rippon

(C) Lord Bentick

(D) Lord Irwin

Answer: (C)

Exp: Lord William Bentinck, Governor-General from 1828–1835, abolished Sati through Bengal Sati Regulation, 1829, following sustained reform efforts including those of Raja Rammohan Roy.

Q250. Lord Macalay Education System was started in:

(A) 1891

(B) 1835

(C) 1809

(D) 1817

Answer: (B)

Exp: Thomas Babington Macaulay presented his Minute on Indian Education on 2 February 1835. It strongly advocated English education and influenced British educational policy in India.

Q251. From which dynasty King Ashoka is related?

(A) Mughal Dynasty

(B) Gupta Dynasty

(C) Maurya Dynasty

(D) None of these

Answer: (C)

Exp: Ashoka belonged to the Maurya dynasty. He was the grandson of Chandragupta Maurya and the son of Bindusara, becoming one of the best-known rulers of ancient India.

Q252. The first English factory in India was established at:

(A) Surat

(B) Bombay

(C) Calcutta

(D) Hooghly

Answer: (A)

Exp: The first English East India Company factory in India was established at Surat in 1613. Surat became an important centre of early English trade on India’s western coast.

Q253. Gandhiji was influenced by the philosophy of:

(A) Karl Marx

(B) Tolstoy

(C) Lenin

(D) None of these

Answer: (B)

Exp: Leo Tolstoy influenced Mahatma Gandhi, particularly through ideas of non-violence, simplicity and moral resistance. Gandhi’s correspondence with Tolstoy contributed to this intellectual influence.

Q254. Where did Gautam Buddha preach his first sermon?

(A) Bodh Gaya

(B) Rajgriha

(C) Sarnath

(D) Vaishali

Answer: (C)

Exp: Gautama Buddha delivered his first sermon at Sarnath, near Varanasi. This event is traditionally known as Dharmachakra Pravartana and marked the beginning of the Buddha’s public teaching.

Q255. Who was the first Muslim President of the Indian National Congress?

(A) Hakim Ajmal Khan

(B) Rafi Ahmad Kidwai

(C) Abul Kalam Azad

(D) Badruddin Taiyabji

Answer: (D)

Exp: Badruddin Tyabji was the first Muslim President of the Indian National Congress. He presided over the 1887 Madras session, the Congress’s third session.

Q256. Who usurped power from the Mauryas after killing the last Mauryan ruler Brihadratha?

(A) Pushyamitra Sunga

(B) Agnimitra

(C) Vasumitra

(D) Jyesthamitra

Answer: (A)

Exp: Pushyamitra Shunga killed the last Mauryan ruler, Brihadratha, and established the Shunga dynasty around 187 BCE.

Q257. Who among the following did not attend the First Round Table Conference?

(A) M.K. Gandhi

(B) Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru

(C) Dr B.R. Ambedkar

(D) C V Chintamani

Answer: (A)

Exp: Mahatma Gandhi did not attend the First Round Table Conference. The conference was held in London in 1930–31; Gandhi participated in the Second Round Table Conference in 1931.

Q258. Who is regarded as 'Mother of the Indian Revolution'?

(A) Rani Lakshmi Bai

(B) Sarojini Naidu

(C) Madam Bhikaji Cama

(D) Priti Lata Waddedar

Answer: (C)

Exp: Madam Bhikaji Cama is popularly known as the “Mother of the Indian Revolution” because of her prominent role in revolutionary nationalist activities abroad and her advocacy of Indian independence.

Q259. Which Pala king built ‘Sri Durjaya’ as the capital on the bank of the Brahmaputra?

(A) Nitipal

(B) Birpal

(C) Gopala

(D) Ratnapala

Answer: (D)

Exp: Ratnapala is credited in the source tradition with establishing Sri Durjaya as the capital on the bank of the Brahmaputra during the Pala period of Kamarupa.

Q260. Hiuen Tsang’s account specially mentions two varieties of fruits as esteemed to the people of Kamarupa. What are these?

(A) Mango & Nuts

(B) Lemon & Pears

(C) Pineapples & Bananas

(D) Jackfruits & Coconuts

Answer: (D)

Exp: Hiuen Tsang’s account of Kamarupa mentions jackfruits and coconuts among the fruits esteemed by the people. His travel account is an important source for seventh-century Kamarupa.

Q261. Who among the following served as the first Home Minister of independent India?

(A) K. Kamaraj

(B) Rajagopalachari

(C) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

(D) Morarji Desai

Answer: (C)

Exp: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel served as the first Home Minister of independent India and played a central role in integrating the princely states into the Indian Union.

Q262. Whom did Mahatma Gandhi consider as his political guru or mentor?

(A) Gopal Krishna Gokhale

(B) Dadabhai Naoroji

(C) Rabindranath Tagore

(D) Motilal Nehru

Answer: (A)

Exp: Gopal Krishna Gokhale was regarded by Mahatma Gandhi as his political guru. Gandhi greatly valued Gokhale’s moderation, public service and constitutional approach.

Q263. The Great Bath of the Indus Valley Civilization was discovered in:

(A) Mohenjodaro

(B) Ropar

(C) Harappa

(D) Lothal

Answer: (A)

Exp: The Great Bath was discovered at Mohenjo-daro. It is a large brick-lined water tank located within the citadel complex and is one of the most famous structures of the Indus Civilization.

Q264. Which one of the following archaeologists initially discovered the Mohenjodaro site of the Indus Valley Civilization?

(A) Rakhal Das Banerji

(B) Sir Martimer Wheeler

(C) Sir John Marshall

(D) Daya Ram Sahni

Answer: (A)

Exp: Rakhal Das Banerji identified the archaeological site of Mohenjo-daro in 1922. The discovery was a major step in recognizing the extent of the Indus Civilization.

Q265. The most important source of information for the municipal administration of the city of pataliputra in Mauryan empire is:

(A) Indica

(B) Mudra-Rakshasa

(C) Ashokan inscription

(D) Arthasastra

Answer: (A)

Exp: Megasthenes’ Indica is an important source for Mauryan India and contains observations on the administration and society of Pataliputra. Megasthenes was an ambassador of Seleucus I to the court of Chandragupta Maurya.

Q266. The epithet ‘Grand Old Man of India’ was given to:

(A) Madan Mohan Malaviya

(B) Dadabhai Naoroji

(C) M.G. Ranade

(D) Keshab Chandra Sen

Answer: (B)

Exp: Dadabhai Naoroji is popularly known as the “Grand Old Man of India”. He was also the first Indian elected to the British House of Commons, in 1892.

Q267. Who among the following Hindu courtiers of Akbar accepted Din-i-Ilahi?

(A) Todar Mal

(B) Raja Man Singh

(C) Birbal

(D) Bhagwan Das

Answer: (C)

Exp: Birbal was the Hindu courtier associated with acceptance of Akbar’s Din-i-Ilahi. Akbar introduced the syncretic religious order in 1582.

Q268. Who among the following represented India at the World Parliament of Religions at Chicago in 1893?

(A) Swami Dayanand Saraswati

(B) Ram Krishna Paramhans

(C) Swami Vivekanand

(D) Raja Ram Mohan Roy

Answer: (C)

Exp: The correct answer is Swami Vivekanand.

Q269. Who is regarded as the “Mother of Indian Revolution”:

(A) Annie Besant

(B) Sarojini Naidu

(C) Rama Bai

(D) Bhikaji Rustam Cama

Answer: (D)

Exp: The correct answer is Bhikaji Rustam Cama.

Q270. The Phoenix Farm was started by Gandhiji at _________.

(A) Suratgarh

(B) England

(C) Durban (South Africa)

(D) Gujrat

Answer: (C)

Exp: The correct answer is Durban (South Africa).

Q271. Which among the following led to Jallianwala Bagh massacre?

(A) The Public Safety Act

(B) The Rowlatt Act

(C) The Arms Act

(D) Vernacular Press Act

Answer: (B)

Exp: The correct answer is The Rowlatt Act.

Q272. Mahatma Gandhi suspended the Non-Cooperation Movement because:

(A) The support of public was not satisfactory.

(B) Muslims set himself apart from the movement.

(C) Repressive measures adopted by the British Government.

(D) The violent incident at Chauri- Chaura.

Answer: (D)

Exp: The correct answer is The violent incident at Chauri- Chaura..

Indian History

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