Q1. Which of the following is the oldest Purana?
(A) Matsya Purana
(B) Vayu Puranas
(C) Markandeya Purana
(D) None of the above
Answer: (A)
Exp: Matsya Purana is conventionally counted among the oldest of the 18 Mahapuranas. Its exact date is disputed because Puranic texts were compiled, revised and expanded over long periods; scholarly estimates place early layers around the early centuries CE.
Q2. Who founded Sikhism?
(A) Guru Nanak
(B) Guru Angad
(C) Guru Amar Das
(D) Guru Govind Singh
Answer: (A)
Exp: Guru Nanak (1469–1539) is regarded as the founder and first of the ten Sikh Gurus. Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Guru, founded the Khalsa in 1699 and later established the Guru Granth Sahib as the eternal Guru.
Q3. Geet Govinda, which is a work by Jaidev, is in which language?
(A) Prakrit
(B) Pali
(C) Sanskrit
(D) Hindi
Answer: (C)
Exp: Gita Govinda was composed by the 12th-century poet Jayadeva in Sanskrit. The work is organised into 12 chapters and focuses on the devotional relationship of Radha and Krishna.
Q4. Which among the following is the first feature film produced in India by Dada Saheb Phalke?
(A) Alam Ara
(B) Raja Harish chandra
(C) Shakuntala
(D) None of the above
Answer: (B)
Exp: Raja Harishchandra, directed by Dadasaheb Phalke, is regarded as India’s first full-length feature film. It was released in 1913.
Q5. ‘Unbreakable’ is an autobiography of:
(A) Mary Kom
(B) Sania Mirza
(C) Vaseem Akram
(D) Chris Gayle
Answer: (A)
Exp: Unbreakable is the autobiography of Indian boxer Mary Kom. Mary Kom won an Olympic bronze medal in boxing at London 2012.
Q6. Raja Yoga, Karma Yoga, Bhakti Yoga and Jnana Yoga are associated with:
(A) Swami Vivekananda
(B) Ramakrishna Paramhansa
(C) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(D) Ranade
Answer: (A)
Exp: Swami Vivekananda expounded these four paths of yoga; his work Raja Yoga was published in 1896.
Q7. ‘Golden Threshold’ and ‘Broken Wings’ are written by:
(A) Sarojini Naidu
(B) Indira Priyadarshini
(C) Kalpana Dutta
(D) Lakshmi Sehgal
Answer: (A)
Exp: Sarojini Naidu authored The Golden Threshold and The Broken Wing.
Q8. Which is the highest literary prize given by the Government of India?
(A) Sahitya Akademi Award
(B) Kalidas Samman
(C) Saraswati Samman
(D) Jnanpith Award
Answer: (D)
Exp: Jnanpith Award is India's highest literary honour. It was instituted in 1961 and first presented in 1965.
Q9. Vallam Kali is a traditional boat race festival of:
(A) Goa
(B) Karnataka
(C) Kerala
(D) Tamil Nadu
Answer: (C)
Exp: Vallam Kali is Kerala's traditional snake-boat race, especially associated with the Onam season.
Q10. Which book was written by B. R. Ambedkar?
(A) The Discovery of India
(B) My Life
(C) Buddha and Karl Marx
(D) Hind Swaraj
Answer: (C)
Exp: Buddha or Karl Marx is an essay by Dr B. R. Ambedkar comparing Buddhist and Marxist approaches to social change.
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Q11. What was the real name of Sister Nivedita?
(A) Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu
(B) Hin Mathew
(C) Margaret Elizabeth Noble
(D) Madeline Slade
Answer: (C)
Exp: Margaret Elizabeth Noble was Sister Nivedita's birth name; she became a disciple of Swami Vivekananda in 1898.
Q12. Sport coaches receive which award?
(A) Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award
(B) Dronacharya Award
(C) Arjuna Award
(D) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Trophy
Answer: (B)
Exp: Dronacharya Award was instituted in 1985 to honour outstanding sports coaches.
Q13. National School of Drama is located in:
(A) Mumbai
(B) New Delhi
(C) Bhopal
(D) Kolkata
Answer: (B)
Exp: National School of Drama is located in New Delhi and was established in 1959.
Q14. Vijay Hazare was associated with:
(A) Boxing
(B) Cricket
(C) Football
(D) Shooting
Answer: (B)
Exp: Vijay Hazare was an Indian cricketer and former India captain.
Q15. Jallikattu is famous in which state?
(A) Kerala
(B) Andhra Pradesh
(C) Tamil Nadu
(D) Karnataka
Answer: (C)
Exp: Jallikattu is a traditional bull-taming sport of Tamil Nadu, especially associated with Pongal.
Q16. Who was the first Indian to receive the ISSF Blue Cross?
(A) Ranjan Sodhi
(B) Vijay Kumar
(C) Gagan Narang
(D) Abhinav Bindra
Answer: (D)
Exp: Abhinav Bindra was the first Indian recipient of the ISSF Blue Cross and won Olympic gold at Beijing 2008.
Q17. Who was India's first sportsperson to receive the Padma Vibhushan?
(A) Sachin Tendulkar
(B) Saina Nehwal
(C) Viswanathan Anand
(D) Mahesh Bhupathi
Answer: (C)
Exp: Viswanathan Anand became the first sportsperson to receive the Padma Vibhushan in 2007.
Q18. Who among the following called himself the ‘parrot of India’?
(A) Qutban
(B) Usman
(C) Amir Khusrau
(D) Amir Hasan
Answer: (C)
Exp: Amir Khusrau is popularly associated with the title “Parrot of India”. He lived during the Delhi Sultanate in the 13th–14th centuries.
Q19. Losoong is a festival which is celebrated in:
(A) Tibet
(B) Arunachal Pradesh
(C) Sikkim
(D) Kerala
Answer: (C)
Exp: Losoong or Namsoong is an important festival of Sikkim, marking the end of the agricultural year and the Sikkimese New Year.
Q20. The Gandhara School of art is the synthesis of:
(A) Indian and Persian Art
(B) Indian and Chinese Art
(C) Indian and Turk-Afghan Art
(D) Indian and Greek Art
Answer: (D)
Exp: The Gandhara style of art is a fusion of Greco-Roman and Indian styles Gandhara art flourished especially under Kushan patronage and shows strong Hellenistic influence.
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Q21. There are only two known examples of cave paintings of the Gupta period in ancient India. One of these is the paintings of Ajanta Caves. Where is the other surviving example of Gupta paintings?
(A) Ellora Caves
(B) Bagh Caves
(C) Lomas Rishi Caves
(D) Nasik Caves
Answer: (B)
Exp: near Gwalior represent the paintings of the Gupta era Bagh Caves are in present-day Madhya Pradesh and are known for murals broadly associated with the Gupta period
Q22. ‘Ayurveda’ that is ‘Science of Life’ appeared first in:
(A) Aranyaka
(B) Sunyaveda
(C) Yajurveda
(D) Atharvaveda
Answer: (D)
Exp: The origin of Ayurveda dates back to the Vedic era. Most material relating to the health and diseases are available in Atharva veda The Atharvaveda contains substantial material on diseases, healing practices and medicinal traditions
Q23. Which one of the following Indian Mathematician invented decimal place value?
(A) Bhaskar
(B) Varahamihira
(C) Brahmagupta
(D) Aryabhatta
Answer: (D)
Exp: The decimal system was invented by the Indian mathematician and astronomer Aryabhata in the 5th century CE Aryabhata worked in the 5th century CE; the decimal place-value system developed through Indian mathematical traditions, with Brahmagupta later giving important rules for zero
Q24. Bronze icons of Nataraja cast during the Chola period invariably show the deity with:
(A) eight hands
(B) six hands
(C) four hands
(D) two hands
Answer: (C)
Exp: Bronze icons of Nataraja cast during the Chola period invariably show the deity with four hands. Bronze icon of Nataraja is the finest example of Chola sculpture.
Q25. With reference to the cultural history of India, the term ‘Panchayatan’ refers to:
(A) an assembly of village elders
(B) a religious sect
(C) a style of temple construction
(D) an administrative functionary
Answer: (C)
Exp: The Panchayatan style is a temple plan in which a principal shrine is accompanied by four subsidiary shrines, forming a five-shrine arrangement.
Q26. The painting of Bodhisattva Padmapani is one of the most famous and often- illustrated paintings at:
(A) Ajanta
(B) Badami
(C) Bagh
(D) Ellora
Answer: (A)
Exp: The famous paintings of Padmapani and Vajrapani Bodhisattvas under Buddhism are found in Ajanta Caves near Aurangabad.
Q27. Which one of the following books is not written by Kalidasa?
(A) Meghadutam
(B) Kumarasambhavam
(C) Uttararamacharitam
(D) Ritusamharam
Answer: (C)
Exp: Works of Kalidasa: Ritusanharam, Meghadutam, Kumarasambhavam, Raghuvansham, Malavikagnimitram, Vikramorvashiyam, Abhijnanashakuntalam. Uttararamacharitam is a Sanskrit play in 7 acts in the Nataka style. It is written by Bhavabhuti.
Q28. Which is the first poetry book to be awarded with Sahitya Akademi?
(A) Sonali Jahaj
(B) Bonphool
(C) Kailoir Dinto Amar Hobo
(D) Mur Je Kiman Hepah
Answer: (B)
Exp: (This poetry book was written by Jatindranath Duwara in 1952, and this poetry book got the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1955.
Q29. “Discovery of India” is :
(A) Biography of Mahatma Gandhi
(B) Autobiography of Jawahar Lal Nehru
(C) Biography of Jawahar Lal Nehru
(D) A book on History written by Jawahar Lal Nehru
Answer: (D)
Exp: The Discovery of India is a historical and cultural study of India written by Jawaharlal Nehru during his imprisonment; it was published in 1946.
Q30. Panchatantra was written by:
(A) Vishnu Sharma
(B) Veda Vyas
(C) Valmiki
(D) None of these
Answer: (A)
Exp: The Panchatantra is traditionally attributed to Vishnu Sharma and consists of interrelated animal fables teaching practical wisdom.
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Q31. Which among the following prizes are given to an Indian citizen for his/her highest creative literary work?
(A) Jnanpith
(B) Booker Prize
(C) Bharat Ratna
(D) Sahitya Akademy Award
Answer: (A)
Exp: The Jnanpith Award is India's highest literary honour and recognises outstanding contribution to Indian literature in a recognised language.
Q32. Who among the following wrote ‘Natya Sastra’ which is a treatise on Hindustani Classical dance?
(A) Bharat Muni
(B) Panini
(C) Narad Muni
(D) Bhartihari
Answer: (A)
Exp: Bharata Muni is traditionally credited with the Natya Shastra, a foundational Sanskrit treatise on drama, dance and performance theory.
Q33. In 1026 AD, who attacked and looted the famous Somnath temple?
(A) Muhammad Ghauri
(B) Mahmood Ghazni
(C) Genghis Khan
(D) Nadir Shah
Answer: (B)
Exp: In 1026, Mahmud Ghazni lent the precious jewels and property of Somnath temple. After looting, slaughtering innumerable pilgrims of the temple and burning the temple and destroying it.
Q34. Who was the author of the book "India against Itself"?
(A) Dr. Hiren Gohain
(B) Dr. Mamoni Roisom Goswami
(C) Homen Borgohain
(D) Dr. Sanjib Barua
Answer: (D)
Exp: Dr Sanjib Barua authored India Against Itself, a study dealing with the political economy and identity-related issues of India's Northeast.
Q35. When was our National Anthem first sung and where?
(A) 24th January, 1950 in Allahabad
(B) 24th January, 1950 in Delhi
(C) 26th December, 1942 in Calcutta
(D) 27th December, 1911 in Calcutta
Answer: (D)
Exp: Jana Gana Mana was first sung publicly at the Calcutta session of the Indian National Congress on 27 December 1911. It was composed by Rabindranath Tagore. The Constituent Assembly adopted it as India's National Anthem on 24 January 1950.
Q36. Mughal Painting reached its highest level of progress during the reign of:
(A) Akbar
(B) Aurangzeb
(C) Jahangir
(D) Shah Jahan
Answer: (C)
Exp: Mughal painting reached a particularly refined stage under Jahangir (1605–1627). His interest in naturalistic portraits, plants and animals encouraged detailed observation and individualised painting.
Q37. 'Madhubani', a style of folk painting, is popular in which State?
(A) Bihar
(B) Madhya Pradesh
(C) West Bengal
(D) Rajasthan
Answer: (A)
Exp: Madhubani painting or Mithila painting is associated with the Mithila region, especially Bihar. Traditionally practiced by women, it uses geometric, floral and mythological motifs.
Q38. From which historical work were the words 'Satyameva Jayate' taken?
(A) Bhagavad Gita
(B) Rig Veda
(C) Ramayana
(D) Mundaka Upanishad
Answer: (D)
Exp: Satyameva Jayate is taken from the Mundaka Upanishad 3.1.6. It means 'Truth alone triumphs' and became India's national motto with the State Emblem in 1950.
Q39. Bharatanatyam dance originated in:
(A) Tamil Nadu
(B) Kerala
(C) Andhra Pradesh
(D) Uttar Pradesh
Answer: (A)
Exp: Bharatanatyam is the classical dance tradition of Tamil Nadu. Its theoretical foundation is linked to the Natya Shastra; its modern stage form developed through temple and court traditions.
Q40. Where did the dance form Mohini Attam develop?
(A) Manipur
(B) Kerala
(C) Karnataka
(D) Tamil Nadu
Answer: (B)
Exp: Mohiniyattam developed in Kerala and is one of India's classical dance forms. Its name derives from Mohini, the female form of Vishnu in Hindu tradition.
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Q41. The Gayatri Mantra contained in the Rig Veda is dedicated to which deity?
(A) Surya
(B) Savitri
(C) Agni
(D) Marut
Answer: (B)
Exp: The Gayatri Mantra occurs in the Rigveda 3.62.10 and is addressed to Savitri/Savitr, the solar deity. It is traditionally associated with the sage Vishvamitra.
Q42. Who among the following literary figures of the Gupta Age is called Indian Shakespeare?
(A) Bharavi
(B) Kalidasa
(C) Harisena
(D) Vishakhadatta
Answer: (B)
Exp: Kalidasa is popularly called the Shakespeare of India because of his contribution to Sanskrit drama and poetry. His major works include Abhijnanashakuntalam, Meghaduta and Raghuvamsha.
Q43. The first lady Jnanpith awardee for excellence in literature was:
(A) Mahasweta Devi
(B) Mahadevi Verma
(C) Ashapurna Devi
(D) Amrita Pritam
Answer: (C)
Exp: Ashapurna Devi became the first woman recipient of the Jnanpith Award in 1976. She was a major Bengali novelist and short-story writer.
Q44. Which of the following contains the famous Gayatri Mantra?
(A) Rigveda
(B) Samaveda
(C) Kathopanishad
(D) Aitareya Brahmana
Answer: (A)
Exp: The Gayatri Mantra occurs in the Rigveda 3.62.10. It is addressed to Savitr/Savitri, a solar deity, and is traditionally associated with Vishvamitra.
Q45. The oldest form of composition of Hindustani vocal music is:
(A) Dhrupad
(B) Thumri
(C) Ghazal
(D) Himadri
Answer: (A)
Exp: Dhrupad is generally regarded as the oldest surviving major form of Hindustani classical vocal composition. It developed from older devotional and court traditions and emphasizes disciplined voice production, alap and rhythmic composition.
Q46. The song Jana Gana Mana was first published in January 1912 under the title of:
(A) Tattva Bodhini
(B) Satyamev Jayate
(C) Bharat Vidhata
(D) Rashtra Jagrati
Answer: (C)
Exp: Jana Gana Mana was first published in Tattva Bodhini Patrika in January 1912 under the title Bharat Vidhata. It was later adopted as India's National Anthem in 1950.
Q47. The Rig Veda consists of ______ hymns?
(A) 2000
(B) 1028
(C) 512
(D) 1024
Answer: (B)
Exp: The Rigveda Samhita contains 1,028 hymns (suktas) arranged in 10 Mandalas. It is the oldest of the four Vedas and a major source for early Vedic history and culture.
Q48. The last of the 24 Jain Tirthankaras was:
(A) Parshvanatha
(B) Arishtanemi
(C) Rishabha
(D) Mahavira
Answer: (D)
Exp: Mahavira (Vardhamana) is regarded as the 24th and last Tirthankara of Jainism. The first is Rishabhanatha; Parshvanatha was the 23rd.
Q49. Dr. Rabindranath Tagore received the Nobel Prize for his work:
(A) Shanti Niketan
(B) Morning Songs
(C) Gitanjali
(D) Gora
Answer: (C)
Exp: Rabindranath Tagore won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913 for the English version of Gitanjali. He was the first Asian Nobel laureate.
Q50. During the Gupta period, which famous play was written by Kalidasa?
(A) Mohenjo-Daro
(B) Shakuntala
(C) Kshatriya
(D) Ramayana
Answer: (B)
Exp: Abhijnanashakuntalam (Shakuntala) is Kalidasa's celebrated Sanskrit drama. Kalidasa is generally placed in the Gupta age, often associated with Chandragupta II Vikramaditya, though exact chronology is debated.
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Q51. ‘Kalchakra Ceremony’ is associated with which of the following?
(A) Bahaism
(B) Buddhism
(C) Jainism
(D) Judaism
Answer: (B)
Exp: Kalachakra is a Vajrayana Buddhist tantric tradition; the Kalachakra Tantra is an important Sanskrit Buddhist text.
Q52. Our national song has been taken from:
(A) Essay Bharat vidhata written by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
(B) Magazine Tatvabodhini edited by Rabindranath Tagore
(C) Novel Durgesh Nandini of Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
(D) Novel Anand Math of Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
Answer: (D)
Exp: Vande Mataram appears in Anandamath, published in 1882 by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay; it was adopted as India’s National Song.
Q53. Which of the following is a part of study of human sciences?
(A) Ornithology
(B) Anthropology
(C) Ichthyology
(D) Cosmetology
Answer: (B)
Exp: Anthropology studies humans, including biological, cultural, social and linguistic dimensions.
Q54. Aim of operation black board is
(A) providing education to urban slum dwellers
(B) providing primary education in educationally backward areas
(C) opening new schools for female child
(D) providing adult literacy
Answer: (B)
Exp: Operation Blackboard was launched under the National Policy on Education framework to improve minimum facilities and teaching resources in primary schools, especially in educationally backward areas.
Q55. The soil suitable for the cultivation of tea is:
(A) Red soil
(B) Black soil
(C) Alluvial soil
(D) Laterite soil
Answer: (D)
Exp: Tea generally prefers well-drained, acidic soils. Laterite soils can support tea where climate, drainage and nutrient conditions are suitable.
Q56. The 'Slack Season' in the Indian Economy is:
(A) March - April
(B) September - December
(C) January - June
(D) February - April
Answer: (C)
Exp: In traditional Indian economic terminology, the January–June period is often described as the slack season because agricultural activity is comparatively lower than during the main kharif season.
Q57. The Headquarters of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) is located at:
(A) Paris (France)
(B) Geneva (Switzerland)
(C) New York (USA)
(D) Bangkok (Thailand)
Answer: (A)
Exp: UNESCO has its headquarters in Paris, France. The organization was established in 1945 to promote international cooperation in education, science and culture.
Q58. The Phrsae the 'Light of Asia' is applied to:
(A) Alexander
(B) Chandragupta Maurya
(C) Mahavira
(D) The Buddha
Answer: (D)
Exp: The Buddha is popularly known as the “Light of Asia”, a title strongly associated with Edwin Arnold’s English poem The Light of Asia, published in 1879.
Q59. Who wrote the book 'New Dimensions of India’s Foreign Policy'?
(A) Atal Bihari Vajpayee
(B) Abdul Kalam Azad
(C) Mahatma Gandhi
(D) Jawaharlal Nehru
Answer: (A)
Exp: Atal Bihari Vajpayee wrote New Dimensions of India’s Foreign Policy. He served as India’s External Affairs Minister before becoming Prime Minister.
Q60. Who has written the book named ‘Gita Rahasya’?
(A) Mahatma Gandhi
(B) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(C) Vinoba Bhave
(D) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Answer: (B)
Exp: Bal Gangadhar Tilak authored Gita Rahasya, a philosophical interpretation of the Bhagavad Gita that gives special emphasis to Karma Yoga. It was written during his imprisonment in Mandalay.
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Q61. The famous temple of Lord Nataraja which has got “Bharat Natya” sculptures is located in:
(A) Thiruvannamalai
(B) Madurai
(C) Chidambaram
(D) Thanjavur
Answer: (C)
Exp: The temple was constructed during the 10th Century when Chidambaram used to be the capital of the Chola dynasty. The Cholas considered Lord Shiva as Nataraj as their family deity. Bharat Natya originated with Tapas and Nataraja himself is the supreme teacher of Natya and codified by Bharatha Muni in his Natya Sastra.
Q62. ‘Whole truth is contained in the Vedas’. It was explained by:
(A) Vivekanand
(B) Dayanand Saraswati
(C) Shraddhanand
(D) S. RadhaKrishnan
Answer: (B)
Exp: Swami Dayananda Saraswati emphasized the authority of the Vedas and founded the Arya Samaj in 1875. His reform movement sought a return to what he regarded as the original teachings of the Vedas.
Q63. Booker Prize is given in the field of:
(A) Science
(B) Medicine
(C) Literature
(D) Social Services
Answer: (C)
Exp: The Booker Prize is an important international literary award associated with the best eligible works of long-form fiction written in English. It was first awarded in 1969.
Q64. The stories of which of the following are depicted in Ajanta paintings?
(A) Ramayana
(B) Mahabharata
(C) Jataka
(D) Panchtantra
Answer: (C)
Exp: The paintings at Ajanta include narratives from the Jataka tales, which describe stories associated with the previous births of the Buddha.
Q65. Which was NOT one of the “Three Jewels” of Buddhism?
(A) Buddha
(B) Ahimsa
(C) Dhamma
(D) Sangha
Answer: (B)
Exp: The Buddhist Three Jewels (Triratna) are Buddha, Dhamma and Sangha. Ahimsa is not one of these three refuges.
Q66. Which of the following was adopted from the Maurya dynasty in the emblem of Government of India?
(A) Four lions
(B) Chariot wheel
(C) Horse
(D) Words 'Satyameva Jayate’
Answer: (A)
Exp: The four-lion capital of Ashoka at Sarnath was adopted as the State Emblem of India. The emblem was adopted on 26 January 1950; the Lion Capital symbolizes power, courage and confidence.
Q67. With reference to the religious practices in India, the “Sthanakvasi” sect belongs to:
(A) Buddhism
(B) Jainism
(C) Vaishnavism
(D) Shaivism
Answer: (B)
Exp: The Sthanakvasi sect is a reformist sect of Jainism, particularly associated with the Shvetambara tradition. Sthanakvasis emphasize scripture and generally reject temple-based image worship.
Q68. Anekantavada is a core theory and philosophy of which one of the following?
(A) Buddhism
(B) Jainism
(C) Sikhism
(D) Vaishnavism
Answer: (B)
Exp: Anekantavada is a central Jain philosophical doctrine emphasizing the many-sided nature of reality. It teaches that a single statement may not express the whole truth from every perspective.
Q69. Consider the following historical places: 1. Ajanta Caves 2. Lepakshi Temple 3. Sanchi Stupa Which of the above places is/are also known for mural paintings?
(A) 1 only
(B) 1 and 2 only
(C) 1, 2 and 3
(D) nan
Answer: (B)
Exp: Ajanta Caves and Lepakshi Temple are known for mural paintings. Sanchi is famous primarily for its Buddhist stupas, gateways and relief sculpture rather than for surviving mural cycles comparable to Ajanta and Lepakshi.
Q70. There are only two known examples of cave paintings of the Gupta period in ancient India. One of these is paintings of Ajanta caves. Where is the other surviving example of Gupta paintings?
(A) Bagh caves
(B) Ellora caves
(C) Lomas Rishi cave
(D) Nasik caves
Answer: (A)
Exp: Bagh Caves in Madhya Pradesh preserve important ancient Indian mural paintings and are generally dated to the Gupta/post-Gupta period. They are often studied alongside Ajanta in Indian art history.
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Q71. In which of the following languages were the original Buddhist religious texts written?
(A) Sanskrit
(B) Magadhi
(C) Pali
(D) Brahmi
Answer: (C)
Exp: The earliest Buddhist canonical texts are preserved in Pali, the language of the Tipitaka or Pali Canon. Pali is closely related to the Middle Indo-Aryan languages of ancient India.
Q72. Which of the following cave paintings is the oldest?
(A) Bhimbetka
(B) Ellora
(C) Ajanta
(D) Chittnnavasal
Answer: (A)
Exp: Bhimbetka contains some of the oldest known rock paintings in India. The rock shelters in Madhya Pradesh preserve paintings spanning prehistoric periods and provide evidence of early human activity.
Q73. Prestigious Durand cup is related to which sport?
(A) Hockey
(B) Cricket
(C) Tennis
(D) Football
Answer: (D)
Exp: The Durand Cup is a football tournament. It was first held in 1888 and is one of Asia’s oldest football competitions.
Q74. Who is the Author of the book “ Playing it my way”
(A) Sachin Tendulkar
(B) Sunil Gavaskar
(C) Kapil Dev
(D) Rohit Sharma
Answer: (A)
Exp: Sachin Tendulkar co-authored his autobiography Playing It My Way, published in 2014. It covers his international cricket career and life in cricket.
Q75. Vivekananda Rock memorial is in which state of India?
(A) Tamil Nadu
(B) Andhra pradesh
(C) West Bengal
(D) Maharashtra
Answer: (A)
Exp: The Vivekananda Rock Memorial stands at Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu. It was built in 1970 on the rock where Swami Vivekananda is traditionally believed to have meditated in 1892.
Q76. First Winter Olympic Games was held in?
(A) 1912
(B) 1916
(C) 1924
(D) 1928
Answer: (C)
Exp: The first Winter Olympic Games were held at Chamonix, France, in 1924. They were originally called the International Winter Sports Week.
Q77. “ Chapchar Kut” festival celebrated in which state?
(A) Manipur
(B) Arunachal pradesh
(C) Sikkim
(D) Mizoram
Answer: (D)
Exp: Chapchar Kut is a major spring festival of the Mizo people of Mizoram. It is associated traditionally with the completion of jhum-field clearing and the arrival of spring.
Q78. Yadavindra cup is associated with which sport?
(A) Golf
(B) Hockey
(C) Bridge
(D) Football
Answer: (B)
Exp: The Yadavindra Cup is associated with hockey. Such named cups are commonly used in Indian domestic hockey competitions.
Q79. The word “ Tirthankara” is related to which religion?
(A) Buddhisim
(B) Hindusim
(C) Christianity
(D) Jainism
Answer: (D)
Exp: The term Tirthankara belongs to Jainism. Jains believe in a succession of 24 Tirthankaras, with Mahavira as the 24th.
Q80. In which year Sattriya is recognised as classical dance by Sangeet natak academy?
(A) 1996
(B) 1997
(C) 1999
(D) 2000
Answer: (D)
Exp: The Sangeet Natak Akademi recognized Sattriya as a classical dance form in 2000. It originated in Assam’s Vaishnavite monasteries, or sattras.
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Q81. Who was the first Indian to win Oscar?
(A) A R Rahman
(B) Bhanu Atheiya
(C) Ram Gopal Verma
(D) Anil Kapoor
Answer: (B)
Exp: Bhanu Athaiya became the first Indian to win an Academy Award (Oscar), for Costume Design for Gandhi in 1983.
Q82. What was the name of Swami Vivekananda’s guru?
(A) Ramana Maharishi
(B) Paramhansa Yogananda
(C) Adi Shankaracharya
(D) Ramkrishna Paramhansa
Answer: (D)
Exp: Swami Vivekananda’s spiritual teacher was Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa of Dakshineswar. Vivekananda became his prominent disciple and later founded the Ramakrishna Mission.
Q83. Who started the Magazine Kesari?
(A) Lala Lajpat Rai
(B) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(C) Dadabhai Narorji
(D) Bipin Chandra pal
Answer: (B)
Exp: Bal Gangadhar Tilak started the Marathi newspaper Kesari in 1881. He also founded the English newspaper The Mahratta.
Q84. Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) was formed in the year?
(A) 1930
(B) 1922
(C) 1928
(D) 1921
Answer: (C)
Exp: The Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) was formed in 1928 after the reorganization of the Hindustan Republican Association. Bhagat Singh and his associates were prominent members.
Q85. Who brought the first no confidence motion in the history of Indian parliament?
(A) Gulzari lal Nanda
(B) JB Kripalani
(C) Ramdhari singh Dinkar
(D) Atal bihari Bajpei
Answer: (B)
Exp: The first no-confidence motion in the Indian Parliament was moved in 1963 by J. B. Kripalani. No-confidence motions test whether the Council of Ministers retains Lok Sabha support.
Q86. Who was the first women to Climb Mount Everest?
(A) Bachendri Pal
(B) M.S frank
(C) Junko Tabei
(D) Valentina
Answer: (C)
Exp: Junko Tabei of Japan became the first woman to summit Mount Everest on 16 May 1975. Bachendri Pal was the first Indian woman to do so, in 1984.
Q87. Which of the following contains famous Gayatrimantra?
(A) Samaveda
(B) Rigveda
(C) Yajurveda
(D) Kathopanishad
Answer: (B)
Exp: The Gayatri Mantra occurs in the Rigveda, specifically Mandala 3, Hymn 62, Verse 10. It is addressed to Savitr, the solar deity.
Q88. “ Burdhwan Trophy” is associated with?
(A) Wrestling
(B) Boxing
(C) Badminton
(D) Weightlifting
Answer: (D)
Exp: The Burdwan Trophy is associated with weightlifting. Named sporting trophies are often used in Indian national-level competitions.
Q89. Who built the jama masjid in Agra?
(A) Shah jahan
(B) Akbar
(C) Babar
(D) Jahangir
Answer: (A)
Exp: The Jama Masjid of Agra was commissioned by Shah Jahan in 1648 in honour of his daughter Jahanara Begum.
Q90. Which of the “Grand slam” tournament is played over grass court?
(A) French Open
(B) Wimbledon
(C) Autralian open
(D) US open
Answer: (B)
Exp: Wimbledon is the only Grand Slam played on a grass court. It is held annually in London and is traditionally the oldest of the four Grand Slam tournaments.
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Q91. When was the first Commonwealth games organized?
(A) 1948
(B) 1935
(C) 1930
(D) 1932
Answer: (C)
Exp: The first Commonwealth Games were held in Hamilton, Canada, in 1930, originally under the name British Empire Games.
Q92. “Grammy” award is given for notable contribution in which field?
(A) Music
(B) Literature
(C) Journalism
(D) Sports
Answer: (A)
Exp: The Grammy Awards honour outstanding achievements in the music industry. They are presented by the Recording Academy in the United States.
Q93. Which city is known as the “Queen of the Adriaric?
(A) Athens
(B) Oslo
(C) Venice
(D) Barcelona
Answer: (C)
Exp: Venice is known as the “Queen of the Adriatic” because of its historic maritime power and location on the Adriatic Sea.
Q94. The term “Chinaman” is related to which sports?
(A) Tennis
(B) Cricket
(C) Badminton
(D) Basket ball
Answer: (B)
Exp: In cricket, a Chinaman is an older term for a left-arm unorthodox wrist spinner, i.e. a left-arm bowler whose wrist spin turns the ball in the opposite direction to conventional left-arm spin.
Q95. Who is called as the 2nd Ashoka?
(A) Samudra gupta
(B) Chandra gupta maurya
(C) Kanishka
(D) Harshavardhana
Answer: (C)
Exp: Kanishka is sometimes called the “Second Ashoka” because of his patronage of Buddhism. He was a major Kushan ruler associated with the spread of Mahayana Buddhism.
Q96. Where did Gautam Buddha died?
(A) Lumbini
(B) Kushinagar
(C) Sarnath
(D) Shravasti
Answer: (B)
Exp: Gautama Buddha died at Kushinagar in present-day Uttar Pradesh. His death, traditionally dated to the 5th century BCE, is called Mahaparinirvana.
Q97. Who was the founder of Satyashodhak samaj?
(A) Jyotiba phule
(B) Raja ram mohan ray
(C) Lala lajpat ray
(D) Mahatma Gandhi
Answer: (A)
Exp: Jyotiba Phule founded the Satyashodhak Samaj in 1873 in Maharashtra to challenge caste discrimination and promote social equality.
Q98. Which city is also known as “Silver City”?
(A) Jaipur
(B) Cuttack
(C) Pune
(D) Kannur
Answer: (B)
Exp: Cuttack in Odisha is known as the “Silver City” because of its famous Tarakasi silver filigree craft.
Q99. “Peng Karkli” is a traditional festival celebrated by which tribe?
(A) Tiwa
(B) Rabha
(C) Karbi
(D) Sonowals
Answer: (B)
Exp: Peng Karkli is a traditional festival associated with the Karbi community of Assam.
Q100. Who is the author of the book “ A Brief History Of Time”?
(A) Stephen Hawking
(B) Albert Einstein
(C) Richard Feynman
(D) James watson
Answer: (D)
Exp: Stephen Hawking wrote A Brief History of Time, first published in 1988. The book explains cosmology and major ideas about the origin and structure of the universe.
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Q101. Cheraw dance is a traditional cultural dance of which state?
(A) Arunachal Pradesh
(B) Sikkim
(C) Manipur
(D) Mizoram
Answer: (D)
Exp: Cheraw, or the bamboo dance, is a traditional dance of Mizoram. It is performed with bamboo poles rhythmically moved by dancers.
Q102. Who is the author of the famous book “Republic”?
(A) Plato
(B) Aristotle
(C) Hobbes
(D) Rousseau
Answer: (C)
Exp: Plato wrote Republic, a foundational work of Western political philosophy dealing with justice, education and the ideal state.
Q103. Agha khan cup related to which sport?
(A) Cricket
(B) Badminton
(C) Lawn tennis
(D) Football
Answer: (C)
Exp: The Aga Khan Cup is associated with football in the source key, making it an important sports-trophy association for competitive exams.
Q104. The flamingo festival is celebrated in?
(A) Andhra pradesh
(B) Gujarat
(C) Kerala
(D) Tamil Nadu
Answer: (A)
Exp: The Flamingo Festival is associated with Andhra Pradesh, particularly the Pulicat Lake region, where migratory flamingos gather in large numbers.
Q105. Where is the Indian Film & Television Institute located?
(A) Ahmedabad
(B) Mumbai
(C) Pune
(D) Mysore
Answer: (A)
Exp: The Indian Film and Television Institute referred to in the question is Film and Television Institute of India (FTII), Pune, established in 1960.
Q106. “Deodhar” trophy is associated with which sports?
(A) Chess
(B) Boxing
(C) Football
(D) Cricket
Answer: (B)
Exp: The Deodhar Trophy is a domestic cricket tournament in India, traditionally a limited-overs competition involving zonal teams.
Q107. Who is the author of “Ramcharit Manas”?
(A) Ved vyas
(B) Valmiki
(C) Tulsidas
(D) Agastya Muni
Answer: (C)
Exp: Ramcharitmanas was composed by Tulsidas in Awadhi in the sixteenth century. It is a major devotional retelling of the Ramayana.
Q108. Bharatnatyam is the dance form of which state?
(A) Kerala
(B) Andhra pradesh
(C) Tamil Nadu
(D) Karnataka
Answer: (C)
Exp: Bharatanatyam is the classical dance form of Tamil Nadu. Its modern stage tradition developed from the older Sadir dance tradition of Tamil temples and courts.
Q109. In which state of India Luddi dance is performed?
(A) Punjab
(B) Rajasthan
(C) West bengal
(D) haryana
Answer: (A)
Exp: Luddi is a traditional folk dance of Punjab, associated with festive and celebratory occasions.
Q110. How many lines does a Shakespearean sonnet have?
(A) 8
(B) 10
(C) 13
(D) 14
Answer: (B)
Exp: A Shakespearean sonnet has 14 lines, usually arranged in three quatrains followed by a couplet and commonly written in iambic pentameter.
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Q111. “Badrinath temple” is located in which state of India?
(A) Himachal pradesh
(B) Uttarakhand
(C) Uttar pradesh
(D) Punjab
Answer: (B)
Exp: The Badrinath Temple is in Uttarakhand, in the Garhwal Himalayas. It is one of the Char Dham pilgrimage sites.
Q112. ”Loor” dance performed only by women, is a traditional dance of___?
(A) Punjab
(B) Manipur
(C) Chattisgarh
(D) Haryana
Answer: (B)
Exp: Loor is a traditional folk dance of Haryana, traditionally performed by women during festive occasions.
Q113. “Shondol dance is famous dance of which part of India?
(A) Mizoram
(B) Sikkim
(C) Ladakh
(D) Bihar
Answer: (C)
Exp: Shondol is a traditional dance associated with Ladakh. It is performed during cultural and ceremonial occasions.
Q114. Iskon temple is located in which state of India?
(A) Uttar pradesh
(B) Karnataka
(C) Bihar
(D) Madhya pradesh
Answer: (A)
Exp: The source key identifies the ISKCON temple at Vrindavan, Uttar Pradesh. ISKCON is the International Society for Krishna Consciousness, founded in 1966.
Q115. “Ustad Bismillah Khan” is associated with which musical instrument?
(A) Santoor
(B) Veena
(C) Tabla
(D) Shehnai
Answer: (C)
Exp: Ustad Bismillah Khan was the legendary exponent of the shehnai. He played a major role in bringing the instrument into the Indian classical concert tradition.
Q116. “Hopman cup” is associated with which sports?
(A) Tennis
(B) Football
(C) Cricket
(D) Badminton
Answer: (C)
Exp: The Hopman Cup is an international mixed-team tennis competition named after Australian tennis player Harry Hopman.
Q117. The one & only person from Pakistan who awarded with “Bharat Ratna”?
(A) Khan abdul gaffer khan
(B) M. Hidayatullah
(C) M. Ali jinnah
(D) Zakir hussain
Answer: (B)
Exp: Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan was the only person from Pakistan to receive the Bharat Ratna, awarded in 1987.
Q118. Who is the author of the famous book “ Life of Pi”?
(A) Don Brown
(B) Yann Martel
(C) Ruskin bond
(D) Guy sorman
Answer: (B)
Exp: Yann Martel wrote Life of Pi, published in 2001. The novel later became an Academy Award-winning film.
Q119. Bharat Ratna was first awarded in?
(A) 1947
(B) 1951
(C) 1954
(D) 1957
Answer: (C)
Exp: The Bharat Ratna was first awarded in 1954. The first recipients included C. Rajagopalachari, S. Radhakrishnan and C. V. Raman.
Q120. Who wrote the book “Bhakti Ratnavali”?
(A) Sankardev
(B) Madhav kandali
(C) Hem saraswasti
(D) Madhvdev
Answer: (D)
Exp: Madhavdeva wrote Bhakti Ratnavali, an important Assamese Vaishnavite devotional work.
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Q121. “Kherai puja” is an important religious festival of which community?
(A) Bodo
(B) Rabha
(C) Tiwa
(D) Karbi
Answer: (D)
Exp: Kherai Puja is an important religious ceremony of the Bodo community, associated with traditional deities and community well-being.
Q122. “Borlaug” award is related to which field?
(A) Cinema
(B) Science
(C) Music
(D) Agriculture
Answer: (B)
Exp: The Borlaug Award is associated with agriculture and honours contributions to agricultural science and food security.
Q123. “Ghoomar” is a dance of which state?
(A) Gujarat
(B) Rajasthan
(C) Madhya pradesh
(D) Haryana
Answer: (D)
Exp: Ghoomar is a traditional folk dance of Rajasthan, historically associated with women’s festive performances.
Q124. “Mahuri” is traditional musical instrument belonging to the state of?
(A) Kerala
(B) Odisha
(C) Himachal pradesh
(D) Arunachal pradesh
Answer: (B)
Exp: Mahuri is a traditional wind instrument associated with Odisha, used in folk and ceremonial music.
Q125. “Mohiniattam” dance is related to which state?
(A) Karnataka
(B) Tamil Nadu
(C) Kerala
(D) Andhra pradesh
Answer: (C)
Exp: Mohiniyattam is the classical dance tradition of Kerala. It is traditionally associated with graceful solo performance.
Q126. Who was the Painter of the famous painting called “Bharatmata”?
(A) Gagendranath Tagore
(B) Nandalal bose
(C) Abanindranath Tagore
(D) Jamini Roy
Answer: (C)
Exp: Abanindranath Tagore painted the celebrated Bharat Mata image around 1905, an important work of the Bengal School of Art.
Q127. The Gandhara Art flourished during the period of?
(A) Kushans
(B) Guptas
(C) Mauyras
(D) Satvahanas
Answer: (A)
Exp: Gandhara art flourished especially under the Kushan dynasty. It is noted for Greco-Roman influence and early anthropomorphic images of the Buddha.
Q128. Who is known as the “Shakespeare” of India?
(A) Tulsi das
(B) Kali das
(C) Albaruni
(D) Tanses
Answer: (B)
Exp: Kalidasa is popularly called the “Shakespeare of India” because of his major Sanskrit works in drama and poetry.
Q129. First Drama of “Sankardev”?
(A) Rukmini haran
(B) Chihna jatra
(C) Ramvijay
(D) Balicalan
Answer: (B)
Exp: Chihna Jatra is traditionally regarded in the source as Sankardev’s first drama. Sankardev was the key pioneer of Assamese Vaishnavite theatre and the Ankiya Naat tradition.
Q130. Who introduced polo game in India?
(A) Mughals
(B) Perisans
(C) Turkish
(D) All of these
Answer: (C)
Exp: The Turks are generally credited in Indian history sources with introducing polo to India. The game later became associated with Mughal and princely courts.
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Q131. Who is known as “Parrot of India”?
(A) Al baruni
(B) Amir khusro
(C) Badayuni
(D) Krishna hari das
Answer: (B)
Exp: Amir Khusrau is popularly known as the “Parrot of India” and was a major Indo-Persian poet and musician of the Delhi Sultanate.
Q132. “Lahori” novel was written by?
(A) Rajanikanta bordoloi
(B) Debchandra Talukdar
(C) Padmanath Gohain Baruah
(D) Lakhidhar sarma
Answer: (C)
Exp: Padmanath Gohain Baruah wrote the Assamese novel Lahori. He was an important pioneer of modern Assamese literature.
Q133. Which of the following is called “Magna Carta” of of English Education in India?
(A) Wood’s despatch
(B) Macaulay commission
(C) Vernacular act
(D) None of these
Answer: (A)
Exp: Wood’s Despatch of 1854 is often called the “Magna Carta of English Education in India” because it laid out a comprehensive educational policy for British India.
Q134. “India for the Indians” was the political message of?
(A) A.O Hume
(B) Dayanand Saraswasti
(C) D E Wacha
(D) Vivekanand
Answer: (B)
Exp: The slogan “India for the Indians” is associated with Swami Dayanand Saraswati and his reform movement, the Arya Samaj.
Q135. Which poet is known as “Bidrohi Kobi”?
(A) Jatindra Nath duwora
(B) Prasana Lal Choudhury
(C) Rajanikanta Bordoloi
(D) None of these
Answer: (B)
Exp: The source identifies Prasanna Lal Choudhury as “Bidrohi Kobi”. Such sobriquets are commonly used in Assam literary GK.
Q136. “Dilwara Jain Temple” is located in which state?
(A) Uttar Pradesh
(B) Madhya pradesh
(C) Rajasthan
(D) Gujarat
Answer: (C)
Exp: The Dilwara Jain Temples are located at Mount Abu in Rajasthan. Their marble architecture dates mainly from the 11th–13th centuries.
Q137. “Losar” is a festival celebrated in which state?
(A) Himachal Pradesh
(B) Uttarakhand
(C) Miazoram
(D) Sikkim
Answer: (A)
Exp: Losar is the Tibetan Buddhist New Year festival, widely celebrated in Himachal Pradesh, especially in Buddhist communities.
Q138. Who was the first king of Koch Dynasty?
(A) Prithibi narayan
(B) Narnarayan
(C) Biswa singha
(D) None of these
Answer: (C)
Exp: Biswa Singha founded the Koch dynasty in the early 16th century. His son Nara Narayan later expanded the kingdom considerably.
Q139. “Mongolian Kanjur” is an important religious text of which religion?
(A) Hinduisim
(B) Jainisim
(C) Perisan
(D) Buddhisim
Answer: (D)
Exp: The Mongolian Kanjur is a major Buddhist canonical collection in the Mongolian tradition, containing translations of Buddhist scriptures.
Q140. “Hola Mohalla” is a festival celebrated in which Indian state?
(A) Rajsathan
(B) Gujarat
(C) Uttarakhand
(D) Punjab
Answer: (D)
Exp: Hola Mohalla is a Sikh festival associated with Punjab, traditionally celebrated around the time of Holi.
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Q141. Who is known as “Sewali Kobi”?
(A) Homen Borgohain
(B) Ratnakanta Borkakoti
(C) Sayed Abdul Malik
(D) Satyanath bora
Answer: (B)
Exp: The source identifies Ratnakanta Borkakoti as “Sewali Kobi”, an Assamese literary sobriquet.
Q142. Which of the following is the first Mobile Theater of Assam?
(A) Kohinur Theater
(B) Hengul Theater
(C) Nataraj Theater
(D) Sankardev Theater
Answer: (C)
Exp: The source identifies Nataraj Theatre as the first mobile theatre of Assam. Mobile theatre became a distinctive form of Assamese popular performance culture.
Q143. What was the first Assamese Children’s Magazine?
(A) Bhaiti
(B) Mamata
(C) Abuj Bedona
(D) Lora Bondhu
Answer: (D)
Exp: Lora Bondhu is identified by the source as the first Assamese children’s magazine, an important milestone in Assamese children’s literature.
Q144. “Pita Putra” novel by?
(A) Hiren Bhattacharya
(B) Homen Borgohain
(C) Banikanta Kakati
(D) Hiren Gohain
Answer: (B)
Exp: Homen Borgohain wrote the Assamese novel Pita Putra, which received the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1978.
Q145. Ashok spread Buddhisim all over India and Ceylon by?
(A) Teaching the Triratnas
(B) Waging wars
(C) Sending the Dhamma-Mahamattas
(D) Becoming a Buddhist monk
Answer: (C)
Exp: Ashoka spread Buddhism through Dhamma-Mahamattas and missionary efforts. His reign dates to the 3rd century BCE, especially after the Kalinga War.
Q146. Where is “Papikonda” national park located?
(A) Tamil Nadu
(B) Karnataka
(C) Telengana
(D) Andhra Pradesh
Answer: (D)
Exp: Papikonda National Park is in Andhra Pradesh, along the Godavari river landscape.
Q147. “Ramanujan” award is associated with which of the following?
(A) Science
(B) Agriculture
(C) Mathematics
(D) Literature
Answer: (C)
Exp: The Ramanujan Prize is associated with mathematics, especially work by young mathematicians from developing countries.
Q148. Who is the author of “Katha Guru Charita”?
(A) Madhavdev
(B) Sankardev
(C) Ramcharan Thakur
(D) Mahendra Kandali
Answer: (C)
Exp: The source identifies Ramcharan Thakur as the author of Katha Guru Charita, an important text associated with Assamese Vaishnavite literary tradition.
Q149. Buddha, Dhamma, and Sangha together known as?
(A) Triratna
(B) Trimurti
(C) Trivarga
(D) Trisarga
Answer: (A)
Exp: The Buddha, Dhamma and Sangha are collectively known as the Triratna or Three Jewels of Buddhism.
Q150. “Vikramshila University” was founded by?
(A) Chandragupta Maurya
(B) Kanishka
(C) Dharmapala
(D) None of these
Answer: (C)
Exp: Vikramshila University was founded by the Pala ruler Dharmapala around the 8th–9th century CE in present-day Bihar.
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Q151. “Saptakanda Ramayana” is written by?
(A) Harihar Bipro
(B) Madhav Kandali
(C) Madhavdev
(D) Sankardev
Answer: (B)
Exp: The Saptakanda Ramayana is associated with Madhav Kandali, an early Assamese poet who translated the Ramayana into Assamese in the medieval period.
Q152. Which country is called as “The land of a thousand lakes”?
(A) Ice land
(B) Scotland
(C) Finland
(D) Holland
Answer: (C)
Exp: Finland is called the “Land of a Thousand Lakes” because of its very large number of lakes.
Q153. In Which year “Hima Das” awarded with Arjuna Award?
(A) 2018
(B) 2019
(C) 2020
(D) 2021
Answer: (A)
Exp: 2018 is the year/source answer associated with Hima Das receiving the Arjuna Award in the question.
Q154. Who was the Teacher of “Buddha”?
(A) Sudhodhama
(B) Channa
(C) Alara Kalama
(D) Mahamaya
Answer: (C)
Exp: Alara Kalama was one of Siddhartha Gautama’s teachers before enlightenment. Alara Kalama is associated with advanced meditative practice.
Q155. Who rebuilt the “Hoygriva Madhav temple”?
(A) Laxmi Narayan
(B) Raghudeva
(C) Narnarayan
(D) Parikshit Narayan
Answer: (B)
Exp: Raghudeva is the ruler identified by the source with rebuilding the Hayagriva Madhava Temple at Hajo.
Q156. Who wrote the book “Adhunik Asomiyar Sahityar Buranji”?
(A) Dimbeswar Saikia
(B) Suresh Sarma
(C) Dimbeswar Neog
(D) Maheswar Neog
Answer: (C)
Exp: Dimbeswar Neog wrote “Adhunik Asomiyar Sahityar Buranji”, a work dealing with modern Assamese literary history.
Q157. “Halodhiya Charaiye Baodhan Khai” won the National film award for Best Feature Film in the year?
(A) 1999
(B) 1984
(C) 1986
(D) 1988
Answer: (D)
Exp: 1988 is the year associated with the National Film Award for Best Feature Film for Jahnu Barua’s “Halodhiya Choraye Baodhan Khai”.
Q158. Which of the following authority alloted symbols to Political Parties?
(A) Government of India
(B) Supreme court of India
(C) Attorney General of India
(D) Election commission of India?
Answer: (D)
Exp: Election commission of India? allots election symbols to political parties under the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968.
Q159. “Raas lila” is a classical dance of which state?
(A) Uttar pradesh
(B) Manipur
(C) Mizoram
(D) Jharkhand
Answer: (B)
Exp: Manipur is the state associated in the source with Ras Lila, a major traditional dance-drama tradition.
Q160. In which state “Raja-Rani” temple is located?
(A) Kerala
(B) Odisha
(C) Rajasthan
(D) Jharkhand
Answer: (B)
Exp: Odisha is the state containing the Raja Rani Temple, an important Kalinga-style temple of Odisha.
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Q161. Who designed national flag of India?
(A) Muhammad Iqbal
(B) Rabindranath Tagore
(C) Madam Bhikaji cama
(D) Pingali Venkaiah
Answer: (D)
Exp: Pingali Venkaiah designed the basic pattern of India’s national flag. The Constituent Assembly adopted it on 22 July 1947.
Q162. “Pawl Kut” festival is celebrated in which state?
(A) Manipur
(B) Arunachal Pradesh
(C) Mizoram
(D) Meghalaya
Answer: (C)
Exp: Mizoram celebrates Pawl Kut, a major harvest festival of the Mizo people.
Q163. “Saga Dawa” festival is celebrated in which state?
(A) Arunachal Pradesh
(B) Sikkim
(C) Manipur
(D) Mizoram
Answer: (B)
Exp: Sikkim celebrates Saga Dawa, an important Buddhist festival associated with events in the Buddha’s life.
Q164. “Dhanwantari” Award is associated with which field?
(A) Science
(B) Literature
(C) Medical
(D) Sports
Answer: (C)
Exp: Medical is the field associated with the Dhanwantari Award in the source; Dhanvantari is traditionally linked with Ayurveda and medicine.
Q165. The word “Satyameva Jayate” on the state emblem has been taken from which “Upanishad”?
(A) Katha
(B) Kena
(C) Mundaka
(D) None of these
Answer: (C)
Exp: The national motto Satyameva Jayate is taken from the Mundaka of the Mundaka Upanishad.
Q166. Which of the following books was translated as “The Razmnama” during the reign of Akbar?
(A) Ramayana
(B) Babar nama
(C) Akbar nama
(D) Mahabharat
Answer: (D)
Exp: Mahabharat was translated into Persian under Akbar and became known as the Razmnama, the Persian version of the Mahabharata.
Q167. In which year did “Mamoni Roisom Goswami” awarded with “Jnanpith Award?
(A) 1997
(B) 1998
(C) 2000
(D) 2001
Answer: (C)
Exp: 2000 is the year in which Mamoni Raisom Goswami received the Jnanpith Award.
Q168. Who became the first Indian to receive the Highest Civilian Award in the “United States”?
(A) Narendra Modi
(B) Jawaharlal Nehru
(C) APJ Abdul Kalam
(D) Mahatma Gandhi
Answer: (D)
Exp: The correct answer is Mahatma Gandhi. This is the key factual association tested by the question and should be remembered with the subject named in the question.
Q169. “Konark Sun Temple” is located in which state of India?
(A) Bihar
(B) Karnataka
(C) Odisha
(D) Jharkhand
Answer: (C)
Exp: Odisha is the state containing the Konark Sun Temple, built in the 13th century under the Eastern Ganga dynasty.
Q170. “Kajri” is folk dance of which state?
(A) Madhya Pradesh
(B) Uttar Pradesh
(C) Odisha
(D) Rajasthan
Answer: (B)
Exp: Uttar Pradesh is associated with Kajri folk performance traditions, especially of eastern Uttar Pradesh.
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Q171. Where is the famous “Sabarimala” temple is situated?
(A) Tamil Nadu
(B) Kerala
(C) Karnataka
(D) Andhra Pradesh
Answer: (B)
Exp: Kerala is the state where the Sabarimala temple is located, in the Western Ghats.
Q172. In which state was the “Green Revolution” started?
(A) Uttar Pradesh
(B) Punjab
(C) Maharashtra
(D) Madhya Pradesh
Answer: (B)
Exp: Punjab is the state identified by the source. Punjab became a leading centre of India’s Green Revolution from the mid-1960s.
Q173. “Ahaia” festival is celebrated in which state?
(A) Mizoram
(B) Meghalaya
(C) Arunachal Pradesh
(D) Manipur
Answer: (B)
Exp: Meghalaya is the state identified by the source as the home of the Ahaia festival.
Q174. “Yakshagana” is a traditional dance of which south Indian state?
(A) Kerala
(B) Tamil nadu
(C) Karnataka
(D) Andhra pradesh
Answer: (C)
Exp: Karnataka is the South Indian state associated with Yakshagana, a traditional dance-drama of Karnataka.
Q175. “Buddhisim” in Nepal was introduced during the reign of?
(A) Samudragupta
(B) Chandragupta
(C) Harshavardhana
(D) Ashoka
Answer: (D)
Exp: The correct answer is Ashoka. This is the key factual association tested by the question and should be remembered with the subject named in the question.
Q176. Who is the author of the book “Badhakabya”?
(A) Madhab Kandali
(B) Ram Saraswati
(C) Sankardeva
(D) Madhavdev
Answer: (B)
Exp: Ram Saraswati is the author identified by the source for “Badhakabya”.
Q177. The famous rock cut temple of Kailasa is at?
(A) Ajanta
(B) Badami
(C) Mahabalipuram
(D) Ellora
Answer: (D)
Exp: Ellora contains the Kailasa temple, the monumental rock-cut temple at Ellora.
Q178. Which Sikh guru called himself the “Sachha Badshah”?
(A) Guru Govind Singh
(B) Guru Hargovind
(C) Guru Tegh Bahadur
(D) Guru Nanak
Answer: (C)
Exp: Guru Tegh Bahadur is the Sikh Guru associated with the title “Sachha Badshah” in the source.
Q179. Which is the highest “Literary” award in India?
(A) Padma Shri
(B) Dada saheb falke award
(C) Jnanpith award
(D) Bharat ratna
Answer: (C)
Exp: Jnanpith award is regarded as India’s highest literary honour for an individual writer; the Jnanpith Award was instituted in 1961.
Q180. “Bharat Ratna” were firstly started in which year?
(A) 1947
(B) 1949
(C) 1951
(D) 1954
Answer: (D)
Exp: The Bharat Ratna was instituted in 1954 as India’s highest civilian award.
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Q181. Who attacked the “Somnath Temple” of Gujrat at 1024 AD?
(A) Ibrahim Lodi
(B) Jalal-ud-din khiliji
(C) Ahmad shah Durrani
(D) Mahmud of Ghazni ANSWERS:- SET- 20 951 ) B 961) A 971) B 981) B 991) C 952) A 962) B 972) C 982) A 992) A 953) C 963) D 973) D 983) D 993) B 954) D 964) B 974) C 984) C 994) B 955) C 965) A 975) A 985) B 995) D 956) B 966) B 976) B 986) D 996) C 957) A 967) D 977) D 987) A 997) D 958) D 968 ) C 978) C 988) B 998) B 959) B 969) D 979) B 989) C 999) B 960) C 970) C 980) C 990) B 1000) D
Answer: (D)
Exp: Mahmud of Ghazni ANSWERS:- SET- 20 951 ) B 961) A 971) B 981) B 991) C 952) A 962) B 972) C 982) A 992) A 953) C 963) D 973) D 983) D 993) B 954) D 964) B 974) C 984) C 994) B 955) C 965) A 975) A 985) B 995) D 956) B 966) B 976) B 986) D 996) C 957) A 967) D 977) D 987) A 997) D 958) D 968 ) C 978) C 988) B 998) B 959) B 969) D 979) B 989) C 999) B 960) C 970) C 980) C 990) B 1000) D attacked the Somnath Temple in 1025–1026 during one of his major raids into India.
Q182. Who is the author of the book “Ain-I-Akbari”?
(A) Akbar
(B) Abul fazal
(C) Birbal
(D) Bhimsen
Answer: (B)
Exp: The correct answer is Abul fazal. This is the key factual association tested by the question and should be remembered with the subject named in the question.
Q183. Who was the 1st Indian to recieve the “Ramon Magsaysay” award for his/her contribution towards the community leadership?
(A) Baba Amte
(B) Acharya Vinoba Bhave
(C) Verghese Kurien
(D) Arvind Kejriwal
Answer: (B)
Exp: The correct answer is Acharya Vinoba Bhave. This is the key factual association tested by the question and should be remembered with the subject named in the question.
Q184. Nalini bala Devi got “Sahitya academy award” for which book?
(A) Parasmoni
(B) Antim sur
(C) Sandhiyar sur
(D) Alakananda
Answer: (D)
Exp: The correct answer is Alakananda. This is the key factual association tested by the question and should be remembered with the subject named in the question.
Q185. The “Sepoy Mutiny” of 1857 started from which place of India?
(A) Bareily
(B) Jhansi
(C) Meerut
(D) Rajkot
Answer: (C)
Exp: The correct answer is Meerut. This is the key factual association tested by the question and should be remembered with the subject named in the question.
Q186. After which battle did East Indian company start appointing the residents of Indian States?
(A) Battle of Buxar
(B) Battle of Haldighati
(C) Battle of Plassey
(D) Anglo-Maratha war
Answer: (A)
Exp: The correct answer is Battle of Buxar. This is the key factual association tested by the question and should be remembered with the subject named in the question.
Q187. The headquarter of “Botanical Survey Of India” is situated in?
(A) Assam
(B) Kolkata
(C) New Delhi
(D) Hyderabad
Answer: (B)
Exp: The correct answer is Kolkata. This is the key factual association tested by the question and should be remembered with the subject named in the question.
Q188. “Bayalata” folk dance is performed in which state?
(A) Madhya pradesh
(B) Jharkhand
(C) Karnataka
(D) Haryana
Answer: (C)
Exp: The correct answer is Karnataka. This is the key factual association tested by the question and should be remembered with the subject named in the question.
Q189. Which dynasty had developed the “Gandhara school of Art” in ancient India?
(A) Kushana dynasty
(B) Gupta dynasty
(C) Mauryan dynasty
(D) Chola dynasty
Answer: (A)
Exp: The correct answer is Kushana dynasty. This is the key factual association tested by the question and should be remembered with the subject named in the question.
Q190. The headquarter of “Indian institute of Astrophysics” is located in?
(A) Hyderabad
(B) Bhubaneswar
(C) Mumbai
(D) Banglore
Answer: (D)
Exp: Banglore is the headquarters of the Indian Institute of Astrophysics.
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Q191. Which festival is also known as “Mahakumbh of the East”?
(A) Hornbill festival
(B) Junbeel mela
(C) Moatsu mong
(D) Ambubachi mela
Answer: (D)
Exp: Ambubachi mela is the festival popularly described in the source as the “Mahakumbh of the East”.
Q192. When Bhupen Hazarika has been awarded with “Dadasaheb Phalke award”?
(A) 1990
(B) 1992
(C) 1993
(D) 1997
Answer: (B)
Exp: 1992 is the year identified by the source for Bhupen Hazarika receiving the Dadasaheb Phalke Award.
Q193. Who among the following initiated the religion “Din-I- Ilahi”?
(A) Jahangir
(B) Akbar
(C) Shah jahan
(D) Babar
Answer: (B)
Exp: The correct answer is Akbar. This is the key factual association tested by the question and should be remembered with the subject named in the question.
Q194. “Panthi” dance form belonged to which of the following states?
(A) Odisha
(B) Chattishgarh
(C) Rajasthan
(D) Bihar
Answer: (B)
Exp: Chattishgarh is the state associated with Panthi folk dance, a traditional dance of Chhattisgarh.
Q195. “popir” is folk dance of which of the following states?
(A) Arunachal Pradesh
(B) Mizoram
(C) Manipur
(D) Nagaland
Answer: (A)
Exp: Arunachal Pradesh is the state associated with the Popir dance tradition of the Adi people.
Q196. The “Rig Veda” is divided into ____ books or mandalas?
(A) 24
(B) 10
(C) 33
(D) 29 ANSWERS- SET 22 1051) D 1061) A 1071) A 1081) C 1091) A 1052) C 1062) D 1072) C 1082) D 1092) B 1053) D 1063) C 1073) D 1083) C 1093) C 1054) D 1064) B 1074) B 1084) A 1094) D 1055) A 1065) D 1075) D 1085) D 1095) B 1056) C 1066) A 1076) C 1086) B 1096) A 1057) B 1067) B 1077) A 1087) C 1097) C 1058) C 1068) C 1078) A 1088) B 1098) D 1059) D 1069) A 1079) D 1089) A 1099) D 1060) D 1070) D 1080) D 1090) C 1100) B
Answer: (B)
Exp: 10 is the number of Mandalas in the Rigveda. The Rigveda is arranged into 10 Mandalas.
Q197. Which dynasty built the “Ellora temple”?
(A) Chalukya
(B) Sunga
(C) Rashtrakuta
(D) Pallava
Answer: (C)
Exp: The correct answer is Rashtrakuta. This is the key factual association tested by the question and should be remembered with the subject named in the question.
Q198. Both Buddhisim and Jainsim has no faith in?
(A) Yajanas
(B) Salvation
(C) Caste system
(D) Rituals
Answer: (C)
Exp: The correct answer is Caste system. This is the key factual association tested by the question and should be remembered with the subject named in the question.
Q199. Who translated “Arthashastra” into English?
(A) Manu
(B) Shamasastry
(C) Max Muller
(D) None of these
Answer: (B)
Exp: The correct answer is Shamasastry. This is the key factual association tested by the question and should be remembered with the subject named in the question.
Q200. “Shore” temple is located at?
(A) Patna
(B) Pune
(C) Mahabalipuram
(D) Thane
Answer: (C)
Exp: The correct answer is Mahabalipuram. This is the key factual association tested by the question and should be remembered with the subject named in the question.
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Q201. Who was the founder of “Jainism”?
(A) Swami Vivekananda
(B) Kirthi Barman
(C) Vardhamana Mahavira
(D) None of these
Answer: (C)
Exp: The correct answer is Vardhamana Mahavira. This is the key factual association tested by the question and should be remembered with the subject named in the question.
Q202. “Kargam” is a folk dance of which state?
(A) Tamil Nadu
(B) Kerala
(C) Karnataka
(D) Andhra Pradesh
Answer: (A)
Exp: The correct answer is Tamil Nadu. This is the key factual association tested by the question and should be remembered with the subject named in the question.
Q203. In which district, the Bhortal Nritya dance was developed?
(A) Jorhat
(B) Barpeta
(C) Nagaon
(D) Kamrup
Answer: (B)
Exp: The correct answer is Barpeta. This is the key factual association tested by the question and should be remembered with the subject named in the question.
Q204. Which of the following buddhist councils was presided over by “Vasumitra”?
(A) First buddhist council, Rajgir
(B) Second buddhist council, Vaishali
(C) Third buddhist council, Pataliputra
(D) Fourth buddhist council, Kundalvana
Answer: (D)
Exp: The correct answer is Fourth buddhist council, Kundalvana. This is the key factual association tested by the question and should be remembered with the subject named in the question.
Q205. “The Sangam” Literary work were complied in?
(A) North India
(B) North-East India
(C) South India
(D) Western India
Answer: (C)
Exp: The correct answer is South India. This is the key factual association tested by the question and should be remembered with the subject named in the question.
Q206. The headquarters of “International Astronomical Union (IAU) is located in?
(A) Geneva
(B) Mexico city
(C) Paris
(D) Venice
Answer: (C)
Exp: Paris is the city where the headquarters/central office of the International Astronomical Union is located.
Q207. Who was the first “Tirthankara of jains”?
(A) Aristhenemi
(B) Parshnath
(C) Ajinath
(D) Rishabhdev
Answer: (D)
Exp: The correct answer is Rishabhdev. This is the key factual association tested by the question and should be remembered with the subject named in the question.
Q208. Which planet is known as the sister of Earth?
(A) Mars
(B) Mercury
(C) Venus
(D) Saturn
Answer: (C)
Exp: Venus is called Earth’s sister planet because it is similar in size and composition, although its atmosphere and surface conditions differ greatly.
Q209. “Mim-Kut” festival is celebrated by which state?
(A) Manipur
(B) Mizoram
(C) Arunachal Pradesh
(D) Nagaland
Answer: (B)
Exp: Mizoram celebrates Mim Kut, a traditional harvest festival of the Mizo people.
Q210. “Hega” festival is celebrated in which of the following states?
(A) Manipur
(B) Nagaland
(C) Mizoram
(D) Tripura
Answer: (B)
Exp: Hega is a major festival of the Zeliangrong/Naga communities and is associated with Nagaland.
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Q211. Most of the Chola temples dedicated to?
(A) Vishnu
(B) Shiva
(C) Brahma
(D) Durga
Answer: (B)
Exp: Most major Chola temples were dedicated to Shiva; the Brihadisvara Temple at Thanjavur was built under Rajaraja I around 1010 CE.
Q212. “Shad Sukra” is a famous festival celebrated in which state?
(A) Manipur
(B) Meghalaya
(C) Tripura
(D) Arunachal pradesh
Answer: (B)
Exp: Shad Sukra is a traditional festival of Meghalaya, associated with indigenous cultural observances.
Q213. “Cheiraoba” is a famous festival celebrated in which state?
(A) Mizoram
(B) Manipur
(C) Nagaland
(D) Arunachal Pradesh
Answer: (A)
Exp: Cheiraoba is the traditional New Year festival of Manipur, celebrated by the Meitei community.
Q214. Who is the writer of the novel “Kokadeutar Har” for which the writer received the “Sahitya Akademi Award”?
(A) Syed Abdul Malik
(B) Nalini bala devi
(C) Raghunath choudhary
(D) Nabakanta Barua
Answer: (A)
Exp: Nabakanta Barua wrote Kokadeutar Har, for which he received the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1966.
Q215. “Halda” is a famous festival celebrated in which state?
(A) Uttarakhand
(B) Sikkim
(C) Himachal Pradesh
(D) Manipur
Answer: (A)
Exp: Halda is a winter festival of Himachal Pradesh, traditionally celebrated by communities in the Lahaul region.
Q216. “Lovlina Borgohain” won the Bronze medal in the Tokyo Olympics in Women’s _____boxing category?
(A) Heavyweight
(B) Lightweight
(C) Welterweight
(D) Middleweight
Answer: (C)
Exp: Lovlina Borgohain won a bronze medal in the welterweight (69 kg) category at the Tokyo Olympics held in 2021.
Q217. “Hemis” is a famous festival celebrated in which state/UT ?
(A) Chandigarh
(B) Himachal Pradesh
(C) Jammu & Kashmir
(D) Uttarakhand
Answer: (A)
Exp: Hemis is a major Buddhist festival of Ladakh, celebrated at Hemis Monastery; Ladakh became a Union Territory in 2019.
Q218. “Shavuot” festival celebrated by which of the religious people?
(A) Muslims
(B) Buddhists
(C) Christians
(D) Jews
Answer: (D)
Exp: Shavuot is a Jewish festival associated with the giving of the Torah; it is observed seven weeks after Passover.
Q219. How many “Nobel prize award” categories are present?
Answer: (D)
Exp: The Nobel system currently comprises 6 award categories: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace and Economic Sciences; the last was established in 1968.
Q220. Who is the author of the book named “Oliver Twist”?
(A) Benazir bhutto
(B) Chales Dickens
(C) Paul Kennedy
(D) Eric Segal
Answer: (B)
Exp: Charles Dickens wrote Oliver Twist, first published in serial form during 1837–1839.
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Q221. “Bathukamma” is a floral festival celebrated in which state?
(A) Kerala
(B) West Bengal
(C) Telengana
(D) Haryana
Answer: (C)
Exp: Bathukamma is a floral festival of Telangana, celebrated mainly by women during the Navaratri season.
Q222. “World Tourism Organization” is headquartered at ?
(A) Napoli
(B) Berlin
(C) Lisbon
(D) Madrid
Answer: (D)
Exp: The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) is headquartered in Madrid, Spain; it became a UN specialized agency in 2003.
Q223. Who had written the epic poem “Padmavat” ?
(A) Raskhan
(B) Malik Muhammad Jayasi
(C) Alauddin khiliji
(D) Kabir
Answer: (B)
Exp: Malik Muhammad Jayasi wrote the epic poem Padmavat in 1540, in Awadhi.
Q224. Which Tennis tournament is often referred to as “Roland Garros”?
(A) Australian open
(B) Wimbledon
(C) US open
(D) French Open
Answer: (D)
Exp: Roland Garros is the official name commonly used for the French Open, the clay-court Grand Slam held in Paris.
Q225. Who wrote the book “Untouchable” ?
(A) Premchand
(B) Sarojini Naidu
(C) B.R Ambedkar
(D) Mulk Ran Anand
Answer: (D)
Exp: Mulk Raj Anand wrote Untouchable, published in 1935, portraying caste discrimination through the life of Bakha.
Q226. The “Man Booker International Prize” is an International Literary award hosted in ?
(A) UK
(B) USA
(C) Greece
(D) Australia
Answer: (A)
Exp: The Man Booker International Prize was a UK-based international literary award associated with the United Kingdom; from 2016 it became a prize for translated fiction.
Q227. “Hornbill festival” is celebrated in which state?
(A) Mizoram
(B) Nagaland
(C) Manipur
(D) Sikkim
Answer: (B)
Exp: The Hornbill Festival is held in Nagaland, generally from 1–10 December at Kisama Heritage Village.
Q228. “Pandavani” is a major folk dance form of which of the following states?
(A) Uttarakhand
(B) Jharkhand
(C) Bihar
(D) Chattisgarh
Answer: (A)
Exp: Pandavani is a major folk performance tradition of Chhattisgarh, narrating episodes from the Mahabharata.
Q229. Who among the following is known as the “Cyclonic Monk” of India?
(A) Raja ram mohan roy
(B) Swami Vivekananda
(C) Swami dayanand saraswasti
(D) Sri Ramakrishna
Answer: (B)
Exp: Swami Vivekananda was popularly called the “Cyclonic Monk of India” for his forceful oratory and dynamic public work.
Q230. The first “Music Artist” who received “Bharat Ratna” award was ?
(A) Lata Mangeshkar
(B) Ravi Shankar
(C) M.S Subbulahsmi
(D) Ustad Bismillah khan
Answer: (D)
Exp: M.S. Subbulakshmi was the first musician to receive the Bharat Ratna, awarded in 1998.
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Q231. First “Olympic games” were held in?
(A) Tokyo
(B) London
(C) Paris
(D) Athens
Answer: (B)
Exp: The first recorded modern Olympic Games were held at Athens in 1896.
Q232. “Theyyam” or “Kaliyattam” is a ritual dance performed in which state/UT?
(A) Karnataka
(B) Kerala
(C) Andhra Pradesh
(D) Tamil nadu
Answer: (D)
Exp: Theyyam/Kaliyattam is a ritual performance tradition of Kerala, especially associated with northern Kerala.
Q233. “The world outside my window” is written by ?
(A) Emily Bronte
(B) Ruskin Bond
(C) Jan Austen
(D) Henry fielding
Answer: (C)
Exp: The source identifies Ruskin Bond as the author of The World Outside My Window, reflecting his autobiographical and literary observations.
Q234. Which one is the highest civilian award in Asssam ?
(A) Assam saurav
(B) Assan Gaurav
(C) Assam Baibhav
(D) Assam jivan
Answer: (C)
Exp: Assam Baibhav is the highest civilian award of Assam; it was instituted by the Assam government in 2021.